Chapter 9: The Developing Mind [Exam 3]

Question 1

Continuity

Answer 1

Development proceeds gradually and smoothly over time.

Question 2

Discontinuity

Answer 2

Development changes abruptly from one stage to the next.

Question 3

Universal

Answer 3

Age-related behaviors that are found across the entire human species.

Question 4

Ecological

Answer 4

Look at the impact of culture and environment on development.

Question 5

Babinsky Reflex

Answer 5

Stroking the baby’s foot causes toes to spread out.

Question 6

Blink Reflex

Answer 6

Eye closes in response to strong stimuli.

Question 7

Moro Reflex

Answer 7

If the baby’s head falls backwards, the arms first spread out and then “hug.”

Question 8

Palmar Reflex

Answer 8

Placing an object in the hand produces reflexive grasping.

Question 9

Rooting Reflex

Answer 9

Stroking a bay’s cheek results in the baby’s turning around town the touch and opening its mouth.

Question 10

Stepping Reflex

Answer 10

Placing the baby’s feet on a flat surface initiates stepping.

Question 11

Sucking Reflex

Answer 11

The baby sucks anything that touches the roof of the mouth.

Question 12

Assimilation

Answer 12

The incorporation of new learning into an existing schema, without the need to revise the schema.

Question 13

Accommodation

Answer 13

The incorporation of new learning into an existing schema that requires a revision of the schema.

Question 14

Sensorimotor Stage

Answer 14

First stage in Piaget’s theory of development.
Birth - 2 y/o.
Here an now; doesn’t think in terms of past and future.
Sensations immediately evoke motor responses.
Achievement of object permanence - Piaget used his gold watch.
Language abilities begin developing.

Question 15

Object Permenance

Answer 15

The ability to form mental representations of objects that are no longer present.

Question 16

Preoperational Stage

Answer 16

Second stage in Piaget’s theory of development.
2 y/o - 6 y/o.
Language and cognitive abilities increase, but thinking is still immature.
Still incapable of engaging in internal mental operations or manipulations.
Reasoning is gradual.
Unable to understand conservation.
Egocentric.
Limited by beliefs that appearances are real.

Question 17

Conservation

Answer 17

The ability to understand that changing the form or appearance of an object that does not change its quantity.

Question 18

Egocentrism

Answer 18

Limitations on the ability to understand the point of view of other people.

Question 19

Concrete Operational Stage

Answer 19

Third stage in Piaget’s theory of development.
6 y/o - 12 y/o.
Problems of conservation are easily solved.
Thinking becomes more logical.
Inable to handle abstract concepts.
Children are reasoning best when allowed to engage in “hands-on” learning.

Question 20

Formal Operational Stage

Answer 20

Fourth stage in Piaget's theory of development.
12 y/o - beyond.
Able to handle abstract concepts.
Able to problem-solve.
Idealistic.

Question 21

Theory of Mind

Answer 21

The understanding that others have thoughts that are different from one’s own.

Question 22

Attachment

Answer 22

Emotional bonding between an infant and a parent or caregiver.

Question 23

Secure Attachment

Answer 23

A pattern where children explore confidently and return to the parent or caregiver for reassurance.

Question 24

Insecure Attachment

Answer 24

A pattern that can take several different forms but is generally characterized as less desirable for the child’s outcomes than secure attachment.

Question 25

Insecure Avoidant Attachment

Answer 25

Don’t react to their mother’s leaving and are comforted by the stranger.

Question 26

Insecure Anxious-Ambivalent Attachment

Answer 26

Never seems comfortable. The mother leaves and causes great distress. When the mother returns the child is clingy and rejecting.

Question 27

Insecure Disorganized Attachment

Answer 27

Confused and not well-attached, show contradictory behavior.

Question 28

Authoritative Parenting Style

Answer 28

High behavioral regulation and high support.

Question 29

Authoritarian Parenting Style

Answer 29

High behavioral regulation and low support.

Question 30

Indulgent Parenting Style

Answer 30

Low behavioral regulation and high support.

Question 31

Uninvolved Parenting Style

Answer 31

Low behavioral regulation and low support.