Chapter 5: The Feeling Mind [Exam 2] Flashcards
Motivation
Directs behavior in a specific way.
A process that arouses, maintains, and guides behavior toward a goal.
Accompanied by distinct emotional states.
Begins with a stimulus (internal or external) that serves as a cue for motivated behavior.
Emotions
Don’t direct behavior in specific ways.
Short-term.
A combination of arousal, physical sensations, and subjecting feelings that occur spontaneously in response to environmental stimuli.
Occur automatically in response to our perceptions of surroundings and situations.
We communicate behavior through emotions.
Mood
Long-term.
More general than emotions.
Homeostasis
Steady internal balance, equilibrium.
Motivation maintains this.
Introduced by Walter Cannon.
Set-points
Value defended by homeostasis.
Core, body temp, fluid levels, and body weight.
Controlled by the hypothalamus.
Drive
A state of tension and arousal triggered by cues important for survival.
A state of tension by not being in homeostasis.
Drive reduction
How behavior is motivated/pushed.
The state of relief and reward produced by removing the tension and arousal of the drive state
Incentives
A reward that pulls an organism’s behavior in a particular direction.
Intrinsic rewards
A rewards that arises internally.
EX: feelings of accomplishment.
The things we drive from doing good.
Extrinsic rewards
A reward from an outside source.
EX: money.
Something that you receive that might motivate your behavior.
External cues for hunger
Time of day, smell.
Internal cues for hunger.
When our bodies are “short on nutrients.”
Leptin
Fat-storing hormone.
Important key to feeding behavior.
Ghrelin
Released by the pancreas and the lining of the stomach.
Contributes to the rewarding aspects of feeding.
Orexins
Produced by the lateral hypothalamus.
Links feeding, activity levels, and sleep.
Satiety
A sense of feeling full.
We reach this point before the nutrients make their way to the cells.
Body Mass Index
A height-to-weight ratio used to identify healthy weight, underweight, and obesity.
Divide the weight (kg) by the square of height (m).
Anorexia Nervosa
Eating disorder characterized by the maintenance of unusually low body weight and a distorted body image.
Bulimia Nervosa
Eating disorder characterized by binging, purging, and having feelings of depression, disgust, and loss of control.
Achievement
A desire to excel or outperform others.
Affiliation
Being associated with other people.
Self-Actualizatoin
A state of having fulfilled your potential.
Yerkes-Dodson Law
A description of the relationships between task complexity, arousal, and performance.
Running away from a predator or choking.
Paul Ekman
Experiment where participants were constructed to make specific movements of the face > and participants felt the emotion that they were making.
Concluded universal emotions; happy, sad, fear, anger, disgust, surprise.
Display rules
A cultural norm that specifies when, where, and how a person should express an emotions.
It differs from males and females.
It differs from country to country.
James-Lange Theory
Emotions can arise from several sources.
Physical sensations lead to subjective feelings.
Perceived stimulus > specific physical responses > subjective feeling.
*The body needs to get ready to do something, the feeling is just a byproduct.
RIGHT.
Common-sense Theory
Cathartic view.
Emotions are viewed as filling an emotional reservoir, when the reservoir fills up, there is a possibility that the emotion will spill over in an uncontrolled manner.
*We see some stimulus that evokes some response in us.
Stimulus > feeling > bodily response.
WRONG.
Cannon-Bard Theory
Simultaneous and independent occurrence of physical sensations and subjective feelings during an emotional experience.
Stimulus > feeling & bodily response.
WRONG.
Schachter-Singer Theory
General arousal leads to assessment which in turn leads to subjective feelings.
Capilano Bridge study.
Stimulus > arousal/bodily response > cognitive appraisal > feeling.
Wrong.
Somato Visceral Afference
A combination of all of the theories.
Recognizing that physical responses to a stimulus can range from specific to general.
Range of physical sensations from precise to general requires varying degrees of cognitive processing prior to subjective feeling.
Fixation
Stopping to look at something during an fMRI.
Saccades
A track of where people are looking at something in an fMRI.
