Chapter 5: The Feeling Mind [Exam 2]

Question 1

Motivation

Answer 1

Directs behavior in a specific way.
A process that arouses, maintains, and guides behavior toward a goal.
Accompanied by distinct emotional states.
Begins with a stimulus (internal or external) that serves as a cue for motivated behavior.

Question 2

Emotions

Answer 2

Don’t direct behavior in specific ways.
Short-term.
A combination of arousal, physical sensations, and subjecting feelings that occur spontaneously in response to environmental stimuli.
Occur automatically in response to our perceptions of surroundings and situations.
We communicate behavior through emotions.

Question 3

Mood

Answer 3

Long-term.

More general than emotions.

Question 4

Homeostasis

Answer 4

Steady internal balance, equilibrium.
Motivation maintains this.
Introduced by Walter Cannon.

Question 5

Set-points

Answer 5

Value defended by homeostasis.
Core, body temp, fluid levels, and body weight.
Controlled by the hypothalamus.

Question 6

Drive

Answer 6

A state of tension and arousal triggered by cues important for survival.
A state of tension by not being in homeostasis.

Question 7

Drive reduction

Answer 7

How behavior is motivated/pushed.

The state of relief and reward produced by removing the tension and arousal of the drive state

Question 8

Incentives

Answer 8

A reward that pulls an organism’s behavior in a particular direction.

Question 9

Intrinsic rewards

Answer 9

A rewards that arises internally.
EX: feelings of accomplishment.
The things we drive from doing good.

Question 10

Extrinsic rewards

Answer 10

A reward from an outside source.
EX: money.
Something that you receive that might motivate your behavior.

Question 11

External cues for hunger

Answer 11

Time of day, smell.

Question 12

Internal cues for hunger.

Answer 12

When our bodies are “short on nutrients.”

Question 13

Leptin

Answer 13

Fat-storing hormone.

Important key to feeding behavior.

Question 14

Ghrelin

Answer 14

Released by the pancreas and the lining of the stomach.

Contributes to the rewarding aspects of feeding.

Question 15

Orexins

Answer 15

Produced by the lateral hypothalamus.

Links feeding, activity levels, and sleep.

Question 16

Satiety

Answer 16

A sense of feeling full.

We reach this point before the nutrients make their way to the cells.

Question 17

Body Mass Index

Answer 17

A height-to-weight ratio used to identify healthy weight, underweight, and obesity.
Divide the weight (kg) by the square of height (m).

Question 18

Anorexia Nervosa

Answer 18

Eating disorder characterized by the maintenance of unusually low body weight and a distorted body image.

Question 19

Bulimia Nervosa

Answer 19

Eating disorder characterized by binging, purging, and having feelings of depression, disgust, and loss of control.

Question 20

Achievement

Answer 20

A desire to excel or outperform others.

Question 21

Affiliation

Answer 21

Being associated with other people.

Question 22

Self-Actualizatoin

Answer 22

A state of having fulfilled your potential.

Question 23

Yerkes-Dodson Law

Answer 23

A description of the relationships between task complexity, arousal, and performance.
Running away from a predator or choking.

Question 24

Paul Ekman

Answer 24

Experiment where participants were constructed to make specific movements of the face > and participants felt the emotion that they were making.
Concluded universal emotions; happy, sad, fear, anger, disgust, surprise.

Question 25

Display rules

Answer 25

A cultural norm that specifies when, where, and how a person should express an emotions.
It differs from males and females.
It differs from country to country.

Question 26

James-Lange Theory

Answer 26

Emotions can arise from several sources.
Physical sensations lead to subjective feelings.
Perceived stimulus > specific physical responses > subjective feeling.
*The body needs to get ready to do something, the feeling is just a byproduct.
RIGHT.

Question 27

Common-sense Theory

Answer 27

Cathartic view.
Emotions are viewed as filling an emotional reservoir, when the reservoir fills up, there is a possibility that the emotion will spill over in an uncontrolled manner.
*We see some stimulus that evokes some response in us.
Stimulus > feeling > bodily response.
WRONG.

Question 28

Cannon-Bard Theory

Answer 28

Simultaneous and independent occurrence of physical sensations and subjective feelings during an emotional experience.
Stimulus > feeling & bodily response.
WRONG.

Question 29

Schachter-Singer Theory

Answer 29

General arousal leads to assessment which in turn leads to subjective feelings.
Capilano Bridge study.
Stimulus > arousal/bodily response > cognitive appraisal > feeling.
Wrong.

Question 30

Somato Visceral Afference

Answer 30

A combination of all of the theories.
Recognizing that physical responses to a stimulus can range from specific to general.
Range of physical sensations from precise to general requires varying degrees of cognitive processing prior to subjective feeling.

Question 31

Fixation

Answer 31

Stopping to look at something during an fMRI.

Question 32

Saccades

Answer 32

A track of where people are looking at something in an fMRI.