Chapter 10: Personality and the Self [Exam 3]

Question 1

Personality

Answer 1

Characteristic patterns of thinking, feeling, and behaving.

Question 2

Psychodynamic

Answer 2

Theory by Sigmund Freud where psychic energy moves among the compartments of personality; id, ego, superego.
Extension of Thermodynamics - energy cannot be created or destroyed.

Question 3

Id

Answer 3

Contains primitive drives present at birth.
Serve as a source of energy for the personality.
Hunger, thirst, and sex.
Pleasure principle.

Question 4

Pleasure Principle

Answer 4

Seeks the immediate gratification and relief.

Question 5

Ego

Answer 5

Readily seen by others.
Acts as the person’s real “self.”
Coordinates the needs of the id with reality.
Reality principle.

Question 6

Superego

Answer 6

Develops when a child begins to internalize his or her society’s rules for right and wrong.
Forms the “conscience.”

Question 7

Freudian Slips

Answer 7

Repressed ideas that leak into consciousness in the form of anxiety symptoms, dreams, and verbal errors.

Question 8

Defense Mechanisms

Answer 8

Protective behavior that reduces anxiety.

Question 9

Repression

Answer 9

Defense mechanism.

Anxiety-producing information is returned to the unconscious mind.

Question 10

Sublimination

Answer 10

Defense mechanism.

Unacceptable urges are redirected into more prosocial channels.

Question 11

Rationalization

Answer 11

Defense mechanism.

Excuses are made for anxiety-producing behavior.

Question 12

Displacement

Answer 12

Defense mechanism.

Negative emotions are redirected from the real source to another target.

Question 13

Reaction Formation

Answer 13

Defense mechanism.

Behavior is opposite to your true feelings.

Question 14

Projection

Answer 14

Defense mechanism.

Anxiety-producing characteristics or behaviors of the self are attributed to others.

Question 15

Denail

Answer 15

Defense mechansim.

Failure to process anxiety-producing behavior.

Question 16

Regression

Answer 16

Defense mechanism.

reverting to immature behavior to relieve anxiety.

Question 17

Identification

Answer 17

Resolving anxiety by taking on the characteristics of others.

Question 18

Oral Stage

Answer 18

Psychosexual development.
Birth - 1 y/o.
Pleasure obtained by sucking.

Question 19

Anal Stage

Answer 19

Psychosexual development
1 y/o - 3 y/o.
Conflict between child’s ability to eliminate wastes at will vs. societal expectations of toilet training.

Question 20

Phallic Stage

Answer 20

Psychosexual development.
3 y/o - 6 y/o.
Oedipus and electra complexes lead to identification with same-sex parent.

Question 21

Latency Stage

Answer 21

Psychosexual development.
6 y/o - 12 y/o.
Focus on internalization of society’s rules.

Question 22

Genital Stage

Answer 22

Psychosexual development.
12 y/o - beyond.
Focus on adult sexual interests and behaviors.

Question 23

Fixations

Answer 23

Failure to resolve a conflict during the stages of psychosexual development.

Question 24

Neo-Freudian

Answer 24

A theorist who attempted to update and modify Freud’s original theory of personality.

Question 25

Alfred Alder

Answer 25

Neo-Freudian.
Contributed to the notion of an inferiority complex to psychodynamic thought.
First psychologist to suggest that siblings and parents can influence development.

Question 26

Inferiority Complex

Answer 26

Overwhelming feelings of inferiority.

Inferiority complex > overcompensation (superiority over substance).

Question 27

Carl Jung

Answer 27

Neo-Freudian.
Divided the unconscious mind into two components: personal unconscious and collective unconscious.
Argues that generations of experience with concepts such as darkness, power, death, and parents would lead to characteristic ways of unconsciously thinking about such topics.
Provided more specific information about differences in individual personality.

Question 28

Collective Unconscious

Answer 28

Comprised of our common psychological predispositions as human beings passed from generation to generation.

Question 29

Karen Horney

Answer 29

Neo-Freudian.
One of the first female psychiatrists.
Rejected many of Freud’s idea to concentrate on aspects of the culture that contributed to women’s feeling of inferiority.
Was convinced that men envied women’s ability to become pregnant.

Question 30

Abraham Maslow

Answer 30

Humanist.
Hierarchy of needs.
Studied exceptional people and why they were exceptional.
Found that exceptional people had few friends, well-developed senses of humor, and periodic mystic or peak experiences.

Question 31

Carl Rogers

Answer 31

Humanist.
Put forth a theory of personality.
Said that human strive toward self-actualization and that humans will experience congruence (similarity) between their real selves and their idea selves.

Question 32

Trait

Answer 32

A stable personality characteristic.

Question 33

Openness

Answer 33

The Big Five Theory.

Fantasy, aesthetics, feelings, actions, ideas, and values.

Question 34

Conscientiousness

Answer 34

The Big Five Theory.

Competence, order, dutifulness achievement-seeking, self-discipline, and deliberation.

Question 35

Extroversion

Answer 35

The Big Five Theory.

Warmth, gregariousness, assertiveness, activity, excitement-seeking, and positive emotion.

Question 36

Agreeableness

Answer 36

The Big Five Theory.

Trust, straightforwardness, altruism, compliance, modesty, and tender-mindedness.

Question 37

Neuroticism

Answer 37

The Big Five Theory.

Anxiety, angry hostility, depression, self-consciousness, impulsiveness, and vulnerability.

Question 38

Personality Inventory

Answer 38

An objective test, often using numbered scales or multiple choice, used to assess personality.
MMPI.
Reliable and valid.
Likert scales are used.

Question 39

Projective Tests

Answer 39

A test of personality based on Freudian theory that provides an ambiguous stimulus onto which the test-taker projects their personality.
Rorschach Inkblot Tests.
Not as reliable or valid as MMPI.