Chapter 1: The Science of the Mind [Exam 1]

Question 1

What is psychology?

Answer 1

The science of behavior and mental processes such as thought and emotion.

Question 2

Introspection

Answer 2

The personal observation of your own thoughts, behaviors, and feelings.
Early efforts to study mental processes used this.
Not reliable.

Question 3

What are the 2 roots of Psychology?

Answer 3

1. Philosophy.

2. Physical Science.

Question 4

Trepenation

Answer 4

Drilling holes into a person’s skull to cure some unspecified conditions; headaches or hallucinations.

Question 5

Cognitive psychology = ____________.

Answer 5

Thinking mind.

Question 6

Abnormal psychology = ____________.

Answer 6

Troubled mind.

Question 7

According to Plato, his version of the mind featured 3 parts that needed to be in balance:

Answer 7

1. Reason.
2. Spirit.
3. Appetite.

Question 8

Wilhelm Wudnt

Answer 8

1872

Conducted the first psychological study - with the metal plate and ball; reaction time.

Question 9

Titchener

Answer 9

Wilhelm’s student.
Studied structuralism.
Wrote the Periodic Table of Consciousness - things that make up our everyday experiences.

Question 10

Structuralism

Answer 10

Our perception (the whole) = the sum o the sensations (the parts).

Question 11

William James

Answer 11

Functionalist.
Wrote “The Principles of Psychology”.
Rejected the notion that you can study the mind by breaking it down into elements or building blocks - it results in a loss of understanding.
Evolutionary Psychologist.

Question 12

Functionalism

Answer 12

Propose that the mind was shaped by natural selection.

Question 13

Mex Wertheimer

Answer 13

Gestalt Psychologist.

Challenged the Structuralist Theory.

Question 14

Gestalt Psychology

Answer 14

Believes that breaking a whole perception into its building blocs would result in some loss of some important psychological information.
Opposite of Structuralism.

Question 15

Sigmund Freud

Answer 15

Psychodynamic approach.
He emphasized that many important mental processes happen outside conscious awareness (subconscious, unconscious, and nonconscious).
Dream analysis and Treatment.

Question 16

I.D.

Answer 16

Sigmund Freud’s idea.

We want everything that feels good - we can’t help ourselves.

Question 17

Carl Rogers

Answer 17

Humanistic Psychologist.

Client-centered therapy and unconditional love.

Question 18

Abraham Moslow

Answer 18

Humanistic Psychologist.

Created the hierarchy of needs: physiological, safety, belonging, esteem, self-actualization.

Question 19

Humanistic Psychology

Answer 19

Takes the approach that human nature is inherently good and people seek to improve.

Question 20

John Watson

Answer 20

Behaviorist.

Wrote the “Behaviorist Manifesto”.

Question 21

Behaviorism

Answer 21

Study behaviors of animals to try and understand humans.

Concentrates on observable and measurable behaviors.

Question 22

Learning

Answer 22

Persistent change in behavior due to experience.

Question 23

Ulric Neisser

Answer 23

Argued that internal cognitive processes could be studied objectively, as well as behavior.
Apart of The Cognitive Revolution - cognitive approach.

Question 24

Social Psychology

Answer 24

Describes environmental and social effects on psychology - why do people help each other? When do people not help each other? Does it depend on where you grew up?

Question 25

Cognitive Psychology

Answer 25

Thinking, information-processing, problem-solving, memory - what type of memory is producing that behavior?

Question 26

Evolutionary Psychology

Answer 26

Answer how bodies and minds have been shaped by the need to survive/reproduce.
EX: staying away from someone who is sick.

Question 27

Biological Psychology

Answer 27

The way our nervous system is organized, the way we think, the way we feel, and the way we behave.
The relationship with the mind and the body, and how it works through the nervous system.

Question 28

Developmental Psychology

Answer 28

How children develop over time - do they understand that they are themselves when they are staring at themselves in the mirror? When do they reach that point?

Question 29

Clinical Psychology

Answer 29

Mental illnesses, helping people.

Question 30

Personality Psychology

Answer 30

Looks at personality - what’s the difference between introverted and extroverted people?