Chapter 9 Test Flashcards
Fermentation
A partial degradation of sugars that occurs without the use of oxygen
Aerobic Respiration
Oxygen is consumed as a reactant along along with the organic fuel
Redox reactions
Transfer of one or more electrons from one reactant to another
Oxidation
The loss of electrons from one substance
Reduction
The addition of electrons to another substance
Reducing agent
The electron donor
Oxidizing agent
The electron acceptor
Electron transport chain
Breaks down the fall of electrons to oxygen into several energy releasing steps, takes place in the inner membrane of the mitochonria
Glycolysis
Occurs in the cytosol and begins the degradation process by breaking glucose into two molecules of pyruvate
Citric acid cycle
Takes place in the mitochondria matrix and completes the breakdown of glucose by oxidizing a derivative of pyruvate to carbon
Oxidative phosphorylation
The energy released at each step of the chain is stored in a form the mitochondrion can use to make ATP
Substrate-level phosphorylation
A mode of ATP synthesis occurs when an enzyme transfers a phosphate group from a substrate molecule to ADP
Acetyl CoA (Coenzyme A)
Pyruvate is converted into this upon entering the mitochondria via active transport
Cytochromes
Most of the remaining electron carriers between ubiquinone and oxygen
Chemiosmosis
Energy stored in the form of hydrogen ion gradient across a membrane is used to drive cellular work such as the synthesis of ATP
