Chapter 8 Vocab

Question 1

Activation Energy

Answer 1

The initial investment of energy for starting a reaction

Question 2

Active site

Answer 2

A groove on an enzyme and the region the substrate binds to

Question 3

Allosteric Regulation

Answer 3

A protein’s function at one site is affected by the binding of a regulatory molecule to another site

Question 4

Anabolic Pathway

Answer 4

Pathway that consumes energy to build complex molecules from simpler ones

Question 5

Catabolic pathway

Answer 5

Pathway that releases energy by breaking down complex molecules into simpler ones

Question 6

Catalyst

Answer 6

A chemical agent that speeds up a reaction without being consumed by the reaction

Question 7

Chemical energy

Answer 7

Potential energy available for release in a chemical reaction

Question 8

Coenzyme

Answer 8

Organic cofactor (vitamins)

Question 9

Cofactor

Answer 9

Nonprotein helpers bound permanently to the enzyme or loosely and reversibly

Question 10

Competitive inhibitor

Answer 10

Reduce productivity of enzymes by blocking substrates from entering active sites

Question 11

Cooperatively

Answer 11

Amplifies the response of enzymes to substrates

Question 12

Endergonic reaction

Answer 12

A reaction that absorbs free energy from its surroundings

Question 13

Enzyme

Answer 13

A catalytic protein

Question 14

Entropy

Answer 14

Measure of disorder

Question 15

Enzyme-substrate complex

Answer 15

A complex formed when an enzyme binds to its substrate

Question 16

Exergonic reaction

Answer 16

A reaction that proceeds with a net release of free energy

Question 17

Feedback inhibition

Answer 17

A metabolic pathway is switched off by the inhibitory bindings of its end product to an enzyme that acts early in the pathway

Question 18

First law of thermodynamics

Answer 18

The energy of the universe is constant, energy can be transferred but not created or destroyed

Question 19

Free energy

Answer 19

Measures the portion of a system’s energy that can perform work when temperature and pressure are uniform throughout the system

Question 20

Substrate

Answer 20

The reactant an enzyme acts on