Chapter 11 Flashcards
Signal transduction pathway
A signal on a cell’s surface is converted to a specific cellular response
Local regulators
Message molecules that only travel a short distance
Hormones
Chemicals for log distance signaling
Reception
The target cell’s detection of a signaling molecule coming from outside the cell
Transduction
The binding of the signal molecule changes the receptor protein in some way, initiating the process of transduction
Response
The transduced signal triggers a specific cellular response
Ligand
A molecule that specifically binds to another one, usually larger
G protein-coupled receptor
A plasma membrane receptor that works with the help of a G-protein
G- protein
The protein that binds the energy-rich molecule GTP
Receptor tyrosine kinases
Belong to a major class of plasma membrane receptors that have enzyme activity
Kinase
An enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of phosphate groups
Ligand-gated ion channel
A type of membrane receptor containing a region that acts as a gate when the receptor changes shape
Protein kinase
An enzyme that transfer a phosphate from ATP to a protein
Protein phosphatases
Enzymes that can rapidly remove phosphate groups from proteins (dephosphorylation)
Cyclic AMP (cAMP)
The binding of epinephrine to the plasma membrane of a liver cell elevates the cytosolic concentration
