Chapter 12

Question 1

Binary fission

Answer 1

Asexual reproduction most common in prokaryotes, occurs in some single-celled eukaryotes (Amoeba)

Question 2

Chromosome

Answer 2

Found in nucleus in most living cells, carrying genetic info

Question 3

Chromatin

Answer 3

Material in which chromosomes are composed

Question 4

Chromatid

Answer 4

Two threadlike strands into which a chromosome divides longitudinally

Question 5

Mitosis

Answer 5

Cell division that results in two daughter cells each having then same number & kind of chromosomes

Question 6

Cytokinesis

Answer 6

The cytoplasmic division of a cell at the end of mitosis/meiosis

Question 7

Cell cycle

Answer 7

Series of events that take place in a cell leading to division and duplication of its DNA

Question 8

G1 phase

Answer 8

1st of 4 stages, during interphase and ends when the cell moves into the S phase

Question 9

G2 phase

Answer 9

Follows the completion of S phase, during which the cell’s DNA is replicated

Question 10

S phase

Answer 10

DNA is replicated, occurs between G1 and G2, and is necessary for accurate DBA replication

Question 11

M phase

Answer 11

Mitosis and cytokinesis- the division of a mother cell into two identical daughter cells

Question 12

Prophase

Answer 12

Chromosomes become visible as paired chromatids and the nucleus envelope disappears

Question 13

Metaphase

Answer 13

Chromosomes become attached to spindle fibers

Question 14

Anaphase

Answer 14

Chromosomes move away from one another to opposite poles of the spindle

Question 15

Telophase

Answer 15

Chromosomes move to opposite ends of the cell and two nuclei are formed

Question 16

Mitotic spindle

Answer 16

Group of spindle fibers that divide chromosomes during mitosis

Question 17

Aster

Answer 17

A star-shaped structure formed during division of the nucleus of an animal cell

Question 18

Kinetochore microtubules

Answer 18

Microtubules attach to kinetochores of chromosomes and maneuver the chromosomes

Question 19

Polar microtubules

Answer 19

Any of the spindle microtubules that come from each pole and overlap at the spindle midzone

Question 20

Centrioles

Answer 20

A minute cylindrical organelle near the nucleus in animal cells, occurring in pairs and involved the development of spindle fibers in cell division

Question 21

Cleavage furrow

Answer 21

The indentation of the cell’s surface that begins in the progression of cytokinesis

Question 22

Cell plate

Answer 22

A plate that develops at the midpoint between the two groups of chromosomes in a dividing cell and that is involved in forming a wall

Question 23

Contact inhibition

Answer 23

Regulatory mechanism that functions to keep cells growing into a layer one cell thick