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AP Bio > Chapter 8 Test > Flashcards

Chapter 8 Test Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Which term best describes the process of breaking down large molecules into smaller ones

A

Catabolism

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2
Q

What is true for anabolic pathways

A

They consume energy to build up polymers from monomers

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3
Q

What is a statement of the first law of thermodynamics

A

Energy can not be created or destroyed

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4
Q

What is an important consequence for the first law of thermodynamics in living organisms

A

The organism must obtain all of the necessary energy for life from its environment

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5
Q

How does living organisms increasing in complexity as they grow (resulting in a decrease in entropy of an organism) connect to the second law of thermodynamics

A

As a consequence of growing, organisms cause a greater increase in entropy in their environment than the disease in entropy associated with their growth

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6
Q

Whenever energy is transformed there is always an increase in the

A

Entropy of the universe

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7
Q

What is a logical consequence of the second law of thermodynamics

A

Every chemical reaction must increase the total entropy of the universe

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8
Q

What is representative of the second law of thermodynamics

A

Cells require a constant input of energy to maintain their high level of organization

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9
Q

What is a type of reaction that would decrease the entropy within a cell

A

Anabolic reaction

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10
Q

Biological evolution of life on Earth, from simple prokaryotic like cells to large, multicellular eukaryotic organisms has…

A

Occurred in accordance with the laws of thermodynamics

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11
Q

Which of the following is an example of potential rather than kinetic energy

A

A molecule of glucose

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12
Q

Which of the following is the smallest closed system

A

The universe

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13
Q

Which of the following is true of metabolism in its entirety in all organisms

A

Metabolism consists of all the energy transformation reactions in an organism

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14
Q

The mathematical expression tor the change in free energy of a system is: Delta G= Delta H - T Delta S, what is true

A

Delta G is the change in free energy

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15
Q

A system of chemical equilibrium…

A

Can do no work

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16
Q

Which of the following is true for all exergonic reactions

A

The reaction proceeds with a net release of free energy

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17
Q

What could be an example of a reaction at chemical equilibrium in a cell?

A

A chemical reaction in which both the reactants and products are not being produced or used in any active metabolic pathway

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18
Q

What are the correct changes in thermo dynamic properties for a chemical reaction in which amino acids are linked to form a protein

A

+DeltaH, -DeltaS, +DeltaG

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19
Q

The changes in free energy, total energy, and entropy are shown by…

A

+DeltaG, +DeltaH, -DeltaS

20
Q

A chemical reaction that has a positive DeltaG is correctly described as…

A

Endergonic

21
Q

Which of the following best describes enthalpy

A

The heat content of a chemical system

22
Q

Why is ATP an important molecule metabolism

A

It provides energy coupling between exergonic and endergonic reactions

23
Q

Which of the following is most similar in structure to ATP

A

An RNA molecule

24
Q

What statement is true concerning catabolic pathways

A

They supply energy, primarily in the form of ATP, for the cell’s work

25
Q

When chemical, transport, or mechanical work is done by an organism, what happens to the heat generated

A

It is lost to the environment

26
Q

What purpose does it serve when ATP releases energy and inorganic phosphate

A

The phosphate may be incorporated into any molecule that contains phosphate

27
Q

What is the difference (if any) between the structure of ATP and the structure of the precursor of the A nucleotide in RNA

A

There is no difference

28
Q

Which of the following statements is true about enzyme catalyzed reactions

A

The reaction is faster than the same reaction in the absence of the enzyme

29
Q

Reactants capable of interacting to form products in a chemical reaction must first overcome a thermodynamic barrier known as the reaction’s…

A

Activation energy

30
Q

A solution of starch at room temperature does not readily decompose to form a solution of simple sugars because…

A

The activation energy barrier for this reaction can nit be surmounted

31
Q

What is true about enzymes

A

They increase the rate of a reaction by lowering the activation energy barrier

32
Q

The active sit of an enzyme is the region that

A

Binds allosteric regulators of the enzyme

33
Q

What is correct about the induced fit hypothesis if enzyme caralysis

A

The binding of the substrate changes the shape of the enzyme’s active site

34
Q

Mutations that result in single amino acid substitutions un an enzyme…

A

May affect the physicochemical properties of the enzyme such as temp and pH

35
Q

Increasing the substrate concentration in an enzymatic reaction could overcome which of the following

A

Competitive inhibition

36
Q

What is true about enzymes

A

Enzymes increase the rate of chemical reactions by lowering activation energy barriers

37
Q

Zinc present in carboxypeptidase most likely functions as

A

Cofactor necessary for enzyme activity

38
Q

How does a noncompetitive inhibitor decrease the rate if an enzyme reaction

A

By binding at the active site of the enzyme

39
Q

What is the mechanism in which the end product of a metabolic pathway inhibits an earlier step in the pathway called

A

Feedback inhibition

40
Q

Description of enzyme cooperativity

A

A substrate molecule bound to an active site if one subunit promotes substrate binding to the active site of other subunits

41
Q

Allosteric enzyme regulation us usually associated with

A

An enzyme with more than one subunit

42
Q

What is an example of cooperativity

A

A molecule binding at one unit of tetramer, allowing faster binding st each of the other three

43
Q

What other means does a cell use to control enzymatic activity

A

Localization of enzymes into specific organelles or membranes

44
Q

What properties must phospholipases that cleave the head groups of phospholipids exibit

A

Water solubility

45
Q

How might an amino acid change at a site distant from the active site of the enzyme alter the enzyme’s substrate specificity

A

By changing the shape of the protien

AP Bio (9 decks)

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