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BUS 391: Information Systems > Chapter 9: Systems Development and Project Management > Flashcards

Chapter 9: Systems Development and Project Management Flashcards

1
Q

IT Architecture

A

The way an organization should utilize its information resources to accomplish its mission

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2
Q

IT Strategic Plan

A

A set of long range goals that describe the IT infrastructure and identity the major IT initiatives needed to achieve the organization’s goals

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3
Q

System Development Life Cycle

A

As organizations reliance on software grows, so do the business related consequences of software successes and failures

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4
Q

Legacy System

A

An old system that is fast approaching or beyond the end of its useful life

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5
Q

Conversion

A

The process of transferring information from a legacy system to a new system

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6
Q

Software Customization

A

Modifies software to meet specific user or business requirements

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7
Q

Off the Shelf Software

A

Supports general business processes and does not require customization

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8
Q

Systems Development Life Cycle

A

The overall process for developing information systems from planning and analysis through implementation and maintenance

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9
Q

Planning Phase

A

Establishes a high level plan of the intended project and determine projects goals

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10
Q

Economic Feasibility

A

Measures the cost effectiveness of a project

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11
Q

Operational Feasibility

A

Measures how well a solution meets the identified system requirements to solve the problems and take advantage of opportunities

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12
Q

Schedule Feasibility

A

Measures the project time to ensure it can be completed on time

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13
Q

Technical Feasibility

A

Measures the practicality of a technical solution and the availability of technical resources and expertise

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14
Q

Political Feasibility

A

Measures how well the solution will be accepted in a given organization

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15
Q

Legal Feasibility

A

Measures how well a solution can be implemented within existing legal and contractual obligations

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16
Q

Analysis Phase

A

Involves analyzing end user business requirements and refining project goals into defined functions and operations of the intended system

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17
Q

Design Phase

A

Establishes descriptions of the desired features and operations of the system including screen layouts, business rules, process diagrams, pseudo code, and other documentation

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18
Q

Development Phase

A

Involves taking all of the detailed design documents from the design Phase and transforming them into the actual system

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19
Q

Testing Phase

A

Involves bringing all the project pieces together into a special testing environment to eliminate errors and bugs, and verify that the system meets all of the business requirements defined in the analysis Phase

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20
Q

Alpha Testing

A

Assess if the entire system meets the design requirements of the users

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21
Q

Development Testing

A

Test the system to ensure it is bug free

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22
Q

Integration Testing

A

Verify that separate systems can work together passing data back and forth correctly

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23
Q

System Testing

A

Verify that the units or pieces of code function correctly when integrated

24
Q

User Acceptance Testing

A

Determine if the system satisfies the user and business requirements

25
Unit Testing
Test individual units or pieces of code for a system
26
Implementation Phase
Involves placing the system into production so users can begin to perform actual business operations with it
27
Parallel Implementation
Uses both the legacy system and new system until all users verify that the new system functions correctly
28
Plunge Implementation
Discards the legacy system and immediately migrates all users to the new system
29
Pilot Implementation
Assigns a small group of people to use the new system until it is verified that it works correctly, then the remaining users migrate to the new system
30
Phased Implementation
Installs the new system in phases until it is verified that it works correctly
31
Maintenance Phase
Involves performing changes, corrections, additions, and upgrades to ensure the system continues to meet its business goals
32
Advantages of System Development Life Cycle
Forces staff to systematically go through every step in a structured process and enforces quality by maintaining standards
33
Disadvantages of Systems Development Life Cycle
May produce excessive documentation, takes too long to go from the original ideas to a working system, and users have trouble describing requirements for a proposed system
34
Waterfall Methodology
A sequence of phases in which the output of each phase becomes the input for the next
35
Iterative Development
Consists of a series of tiny projects
36
Agile Methodology
Aims for customer satisfaction through early and continuous delivery of useful software components developed by an iterative process using the bare minimum requirements
37
Rapid Application Development Methodology
Emphasizes extensive user involvement in the rapid and evolutionary construction of working prototypes to accelerate the systems development process
38
Prototype
A smaller scale representation or working model of the users requirements or a proposed design for an information system
39
Extreme Programming Methodology
Breaks a project into tiny phases, and developers cannot continue on to the next phase until the first phase is complete
40
SCRUM
Uses small teams to produce small pieces of deliverable software using sprints, or 30 day intervals, to achieve an appointed goal
41
Service Oriented Architecture
Is a business driven enterprise architecture that supports integrating a business as linked, repeatable activities, tasks, or services
42
Primary Reasons for Project Failure
Missing business requirements, skipping SLDC phases, failure to manage project plan, and changing technology
43
Project
Temporary activities undertaken to create a unique product or service
44
Project Management
The application of knowledge, skills, tools, and techniques to project activities to meet project requirements
45
Project Manager
An individual who is an expert in project planning and management, defines and develops the project plan, and tracks the plan to ensure the project is completed on time and on budget
46
Project Deliverable
Any measurable, tangible, verifiable outcome, result, or item that is produced to complete a project or part of a project
47
Project Milestone
Represents key dates when a certain group of activities must be performed
48
Project Management Office
An internal department that oversees all organizational projects
49
Project Stakeholder
Individuals and organizations actively involved in the project or whose interests might be affected as a result of project execution or project completion
50
Executive Sponsor
The person or group who provides the financial resources for the project
51
Project Plan
A formal approved document that manages and controls project execution
52
In Sourcing (In House Development)
Uses the professional expertise within an organization to develop and maintain its information technology systems
53
Outsourcing
An arrangement by which one organization provides a service or services for another organization that chooses not to perform them in house
54
Outsourcing Benefits
Includes quality and efficiency of business processes, reduced operating expenses, increased access to outsourcing services, and increased flexibility for faster responses to market changes
55
Outsourcing Challenges
Include length of contract, threat of competitive advantage, and loss of confidentiality

BUS 391: Information Systems (10 decks)

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