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BUS 391: Information Systems > Chapter 9: Systems Development and Project Management > Flashcards

Chapter 9: Systems Development and Project Management Flashcards

1
Q

IT Architecture

A

The way an organization should utilize its information resources to accomplish its mission

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2
Q

IT Strategic Plan

A

A set of long range goals that describe the IT infrastructure and identity the major IT initiatives needed to achieve the organization’s goals

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3
Q

System Development Life Cycle

A

As organizations reliance on software grows, so do the business related consequences of software successes and failures

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4
Q

Legacy System

A

An old system that is fast approaching or beyond the end of its useful life

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5
Q

Conversion

A

The process of transferring information from a legacy system to a new system

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6
Q

Software Customization

A

Modifies software to meet specific user or business requirements

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7
Q

Off the Shelf Software

A

Supports general business processes and does not require customization

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8
Q

Systems Development Life Cycle

A

The overall process for developing information systems from planning and analysis through implementation and maintenance

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9
Q

Planning Phase

A

Establishes a high level plan of the intended project and determine projects goals

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10
Q

Economic Feasibility

A

Measures the cost effectiveness of a project

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11
Q

Operational Feasibility

A

Measures how well a solution meets the identified system requirements to solve the problems and take advantage of opportunities

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12
Q

Schedule Feasibility

A

Measures the project time to ensure it can be completed on time

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13
Q

Technical Feasibility

A

Measures the practicality of a technical solution and the availability of technical resources and expertise

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14
Q

Political Feasibility

A

Measures how well the solution will be accepted in a given organization

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15
Q

Legal Feasibility

A

Measures how well a solution can be implemented within existing legal and contractual obligations

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16
Q

Analysis Phase

A

Involves analyzing end user business requirements and refining project goals into defined functions and operations of the intended system

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17
Q

Design Phase

A

Establishes descriptions of the desired features and operations of the system including screen layouts, business rules, process diagrams, pseudo code, and other documentation

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18
Q

Development Phase

A

Involves taking all of the detailed design documents from the design Phase and transforming them into the actual system

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19
Q

Testing Phase

A

Involves bringing all the project pieces together into a special testing environment to eliminate errors and bugs, and verify that the system meets all of the business requirements defined in the analysis Phase

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20
Q

Alpha Testing

A

Assess if the entire system meets the design requirements of the users

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21
Q

Development Testing

A

Test the system to ensure it is bug free

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22
Q

Integration Testing

A

Verify that separate systems can work together passing data back and forth correctly

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23
Q

System Testing

A

Verify that the units or pieces of code function correctly when integrated

24
Q

User Acceptance Testing

A

Determine if the system satisfies the user and business requirements

25
Q

Unit Testing

A

Test individual units or pieces of code for a system

26
Q

Implementation Phase

A

Involves placing the system into production so users can begin to perform actual business operations with it

27
Q

Parallel Implementation

A

Uses both the legacy system and new system until all users verify that the new system functions correctly

28
Q

Plunge Implementation

A

Discards the legacy system and immediately migrates all users to the new system

29
Q

Pilot Implementation

A

Assigns a small group of people to use the new system until it is verified that it works correctly, then the remaining users migrate to the new system

30
Q

Phased Implementation

A

Installs the new system in phases until it is verified that it works correctly

31
Q

Maintenance Phase

A

Involves performing changes, corrections, additions, and upgrades to ensure the system continues to meet its business goals

32
Q

Advantages of System Development Life Cycle

A

Forces staff to systematically go through every step in a structured process and enforces quality by maintaining standards

33
Q

Disadvantages of Systems Development Life Cycle

A

May produce excessive documentation, takes too long to go from the original ideas to a working system, and users have trouble describing requirements for a proposed system

34
Q

Waterfall Methodology

A

A sequence of phases in which the output of each phase becomes the input for the next

35
Q

Iterative Development

A

Consists of a series of tiny projects

36
Q

Agile Methodology

A

Aims for customer satisfaction through early and continuous delivery of useful software components developed by an iterative process using the bare minimum requirements

37
Q

Rapid Application Development Methodology

A

Emphasizes extensive user involvement in the rapid and evolutionary construction of working prototypes to accelerate the systems development process

38
Q

Prototype

A

A smaller scale representation or working model of the users requirements or a proposed design for an information system

39
Q

Extreme Programming Methodology

A

Breaks a project into tiny phases, and developers cannot continue on to the next phase until the first phase is complete

40
Q

SCRUM

A

Uses small teams to produce small pieces of deliverable software using sprints, or 30 day intervals, to achieve an appointed goal

41
Q

Service Oriented Architecture

A

Is a business driven enterprise architecture that supports integrating a business as linked, repeatable activities, tasks, or services

42
Q

Primary Reasons for Project Failure

A

Missing business requirements, skipping SLDC phases, failure to manage project plan, and changing technology

43
Q

Project

A

Temporary activities undertaken to create a unique product or service

44
Q

Project Management

A

The application of knowledge, skills, tools, and techniques to project activities to meet project requirements

45
Q

Project Manager

A

An individual who is an expert in project planning and management, defines and develops the project plan, and tracks the plan to ensure the project is completed on time and on budget

46
Q

Project Deliverable

A

Any measurable, tangible, verifiable outcome, result, or item that is produced to complete a project or part of a project

47
Q

Project Milestone

A

Represents key dates when a certain group of activities must be performed

48
Q

Project Management Office

A

An internal department that oversees all organizational projects

49
Q

Project Stakeholder

A

Individuals and organizations actively involved in the project or whose interests might be affected as a result of project execution or project completion

50
Q

Executive Sponsor

A

The person or group who provides the financial resources for the project

51
Q

Project Plan

A

A formal approved document that manages and controls project execution

52
Q

In Sourcing (In House Development)

A

Uses the professional expertise within an organization to develop and maintain its information technology systems

53
Q

Outsourcing

A

An arrangement by which one organization provides a service or services for another organization that chooses not to perform them in house

54
Q

Outsourcing Benefits

A

Includes quality and efficiency of business processes, reduced operating expenses, increased access to outsourcing services, and increased flexibility for faster responses to market changes

55
Q

Outsourcing Challenges

A

Include length of contract, threat of competitive advantage, and loss of confidentiality

BUS 391: Information Systems (10 decks)

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