Chapter 9 Symptom perception, interpretation and response Flashcards
define illness
the experience of not feeling quite right as compared to one’s normal state
define disease
somethign of the organ or tissue that suggests a pathology or a physical disorder
attentional model of Pennebaker - describes what?
attentional competition of internal and external cues in some moments puts the same thing or feeling in attentional focus and in others the same thing can also not be attended to and not noticed
cognitive perceptional model of Cioffi
processes of interpreting physical signs and influences upon their attribution as symptoms
difference between signs and symptoms
signs can be detected and identified (blood pressure), symptoms are more subjective and are felt (nausea)
symptoms likely to be noticed are
novel
disruptive
part of chronic disease that is preexisting
persistent
competition of cues theory pennebaker
somatic cues less likely to be noticed when person’s attention is used for outside stimuli
high degree of attention makes people focus way more on somatic signs and detect symptoms they would have otherwise not noticed or experienced - name the syndrome
Mass psychogenic illness
medical student’s disease
how can gender and socialization as concepts explain the increased readiness of women (statistically) to attend to somatic signs and symptoms
men are expected to be strong - have to overlook these symptoms to uphold this
do men or women have a higher pain threshold
not clearly answerable, many studies show men higher threshold
is repression useful as a technique to encounter health threats
less likely to report symptoms
higher levels o comparative optiism
difference between monitors and blunters
monitors register any symptom related thign
blunters ignore
what personality factors are associated with perceiving symptoms more
neuroticism
negative affectivity
prototype of a disease
the more sign sets the disease has, the easier it is to associate it with one’s own symptoms
the more non-descript it is, the more errors people make when linking their bodily feelings to them
illness representation - when do they arise and what are its prominent themes
after having symptom or receiving diagnsotic label
identity
cause
consequences
timeline
controllabilty, curability
components of IPQ-R: try to say as much as you know
distinguishes outcome expectancies from beliefs about personal control from perceived treatment control
adds items for cyclical illness and chronic illness
adds new dimension of emotional response
examines extent of personal understanding of own disease: ‘illness coherence’
what outcomes does illness perception has an association with?
- seeking and adhering to medical treatment
- engagement in self-care
- attitudes towards brand-specific or generic medicin e
- illness related disability and return to work
- caregiver anxiety and depression
- quality of life
implicit models of illness approach also has dimensions for illness perception - slightly different to Leventhal - name them !
seriousness
personal responsibility
controllability
changeability
> may create more between illnesses rather than relate to perceptions of individual illness
name which of these answer choices is wrong:
attributions can be
- cued
- elicited
- affective
- spontaneous
attributions aren’t affective
what is sick role behavior
an as sick diagnosed person’s efforts to get healthy
what are Safer et al.’s three decisoin making steps about
whether or not to get medical help for symptoms
- all three steps must be underwent to get treatment
3 questions:
Am i ill? (no: appraisal delay)
do i need to get treatment? (no: illness delay)
is care worth its costs? (no: utilization delay)
if all 3 answered with yes then patient gets treatment
delayed help seeking: factors
more probable delay
- being younger
- belonging to a minority
- cultural factor
- not believing in biomedical model of illness
- financial
- shame
- men rather than women
