Chapter 9 Symptom perception, interpretation and response

Question 1

define illness

Answer 1

the experience of not feeling quite right as compared to one’s normal state

Question 2

define disease

Answer 2

somethign of the organ or tissue that suggests a pathology or a physical disorder

Question 3

attentional model of Pennebaker - describes what?

Answer 3

attentional competition of internal and external cues in some moments puts the same thing or feeling in attentional focus and in others the same thing can also not be attended to and not noticed

Question 4

cognitive perceptional model of Cioffi

Answer 4

processes of interpreting physical signs and influences upon their attribution as symptoms

Question 5

difference between signs and symptoms

Answer 5

signs can be detected and identified (blood pressure), symptoms are more subjective and are felt (nausea)

Question 6

symptoms likely to be noticed are

Answer 6

novel
disruptive
part of chronic disease that is preexisting
persistent

Question 7

competition of cues theory pennebaker

Answer 7

somatic cues less likely to be noticed when person’s attention is used for outside stimuli

Question 8

high degree of attention makes people focus way more on somatic signs and detect symptoms they would have otherwise not noticed or experienced - name the syndrome

Answer 8

Mass psychogenic illness
medical student’s disease

Question 9

how can gender and socialization as concepts explain the increased readiness of women (statistically) to attend to somatic signs and symptoms

Answer 9

men are expected to be strong - have to overlook these symptoms to uphold this

Question 10

do men or women have a higher pain threshold

Answer 10

not clearly answerable, many studies show men higher threshold

Question 11

is repression useful as a technique to encounter health threats

Answer 11

less likely to report symptoms
higher levels o comparative optiism

Question 12

difference between monitors and blunters

Answer 12

monitors register any symptom related thign
blunters ignore

Question 13

what personality factors are associated with perceiving symptoms more

Answer 13

neuroticism
negative affectivity

Question 14

prototype of a disease

Answer 14

the more sign sets the disease has, the easier it is to associate it with one’s own symptoms

the more non-descript it is, the more errors people make when linking their bodily feelings to them

Question 15

illness representation - when do they arise and what are its prominent themes

Answer 15

after having symptom or receiving diagnsotic label
identity
cause
consequences
timeline
controllabilty, curability

Question 16

components of IPQ-R: try to say as much as you know

Answer 16

distinguishes outcome expectancies from beliefs about personal control from perceived treatment control

adds items for cyclical illness and chronic illness

adds new dimension of emotional response

examines extent of personal understanding of own disease: ‘illness coherence’

Question 17

what outcomes does illness perception has an association with?

Answer 17

• seeking and adhering to medical treatment
• engagement in self-care
• attitudes towards brand-specific or generic medicin e
• illness related disability and return to work
• caregiver anxiety and depression
• quality of life

Question 18

implicit models of illness approach also has dimensions for illness perception - slightly different to Leventhal - name them !

Answer 18

seriousness
personal responsibility
controllability
changeability
> may create more between illnesses rather than relate to perceptions of individual illness

Question 19

name which of these answer choices is wrong:
attributions can be
- cued
- elicited
- affective
- spontaneous

Answer 19

attributions aren’t affective

Question 20

what is sick role behavior

Answer 20

an as sick diagnosed person’s efforts to get healthy

Question 21

what are Safer et al.’s three decisoin making steps about

Answer 21

whether or not to get medical help for symptoms
- all three steps must be underwent to get treatment
3 questions:
Am i ill? (no: appraisal delay)
do i need to get treatment? (no: illness delay)
is care worth its costs? (no: utilization delay)
if all 3 answered with yes then patient gets treatment

Question 22

delayed help seeking: factors

Answer 22

more probable delay
- being younger
- belonging to a minority
- cultural factor
- not believing in biomedical model of illness
- financial
- shame
- men rather than women