Chapter 4 Health-Protective Behavior

Question 1

what is adherence behavior

Answer 1

all acts that are according to what a healthcare professional prescribes

Question 2

compliance

Answer 2

patient takes medicine according to doctor’s orders
non-compliance is interpreted as either incompetent or willfull

Question 3

adherence

Answer 3

a doctor sticks to or cooperates with advice about medication in a more collaborative particioner-patient relationship

Question 4

concordance

Answer 4

patient and doctor fully agree what the treatment should be and the patient has been fully informed about possible side effects and outcomes

Question 5

non-adherence

Answer 5

less strict than non-compliance
non-adherence would be if a drug needs to be taken up to 60% of its dosis to be effective, then any less than this specific threshold should be considered non-adherence

Question 6

estimations of non-adherence by WHO

Answer 6

for chronic disorders ~ 50%
for acute and chronic ~ 25%

Question 7

reasons for non-adherence

Answer 7

personal factors: culture, age, knowledge, self-efficacy
condition factors: absence or presence of pain, perceived severity of symptoms, kind of symptoms
treament factors: number, type, frequency, duration of treatment unit, expense
socio-economic: level education, cost, access to dispensing pharmacy
system factors: communication possibilities in system, how accessible is healthcare made

Question 8

consumption of vegetables

Answer 8

vitamins, antioxidants, fibre, folic acid needed for healthy body
protective against cancer and some forms of stroke

Question 9

why don’t people consume enough vegetables

Answer 9

ageing population
focus more on what fills you up
lacking education
what gets taught by parents
culture

Question 10

physical activity is protective against …

Answer 10

diabetes mellitus
stroke
CAD
some forms of cancer
osteoporosis
obesity

Question 11

guidelines for physical activity

Answer 11

30 minutes moderate intensity activity for 5 days a week
60 minutes of moderate to vigorous activity every day
for those over 65 includes balance-enhaving exercise
get active gradually after period of inactivity

Question 12

demographic levels of activity

Answer 12

men generally more active than women
older women less active than younger women
children low activity levels
young adults more active than in the past decades

Question 13

regular performance of exercise

Answer 13

strengthens heart muscles
increase cardiac and repsiratory efficienc y
reduces blood pressure
reduces tendency to accumulate body fat
improves health for those already with complaints

Question 14

exercise as protection against mood problems and anxiety

Answer 14

elevated mood
procosia behavior
improved body-image
reductions in cortisol
surplus on endorphins
muscle relaxing

Question 15

what is more likely upheld? intense or moderate exercise

Answer 15

moderate
intense is difficult to uphold and tends to have aversive consequences

Question 16

exercise and cognitive function

Answer 16

shift in cognitive decline in dementia and Alzheimer’s
psychological benefits for chronic patients

Question 17

negative aspects of exercise

Answer 17

dependence
deprival can lead to mood problems and anxiety
is element of control for those that lack it otherwise - problematic if you can’t do sport s
long term effects relate to muscle wastage

Question 18

purpose of Health-screening behavior

Answer 18

identify risk factors
detection of early asymptomatic signs of disease for treatment

Question 19

height of interest in getting screened for hereditary kinds of cancer

Answer 19

high - 60-80%

Question 20

criteria for establishing screening program

Answer 20

condition is important helath problem in population,
recognizable early stage of condition,
treatment at early stage has clear benefit,
suitable test available
test agreeable for population
costs

Question 21

factors associated with non-uptake of screening

Answer 21

low educational and income levels
age
embarrassment regardign the procedures
anxiety about outcome
fear of pain or discomfort in procedure