Chapter 3 Health Risk Behavior Flashcards
What is a A: behavioral pathogen, and B: a behavioral immunogen?
A: behavior found to worsen health and lead to disease and B: behavior thought to improve health and prevent disease.
health risk
factor that raises the probability of disease
name the ALAMEDA 7 behavioral immunogens
sleeping 7-8 hours a night, not smoking, consuming no more than 2 drinks a day, regular exercise, 3 regular meals without snacks between, eating breakfast, no more than 10% overweight
which two factors of the ALAMEDA 7 are not actually related to mortality?
eating breakfast and no snacking
top ten risk factors for death (account for more than 1/3rd of deaths worldwide)
- High blood pressure
- Tobacco consumption
- High blood glucose
- Physical inactivity
- Overweight and obesity
- High cholesterol
- Unsafe sex
- Alcohol consumption
- Childhood underweight
- Indoor smoke from solid fuels
Morbidity
costs associated with illness such as disability, injury
how many deaths are accounted to tobacco use worldwide (%)
9%
age-specific mortality
number of deaths per 100.000 per year according to certain age groups
how many units of alcohol are recommended for men and women according to the WHO
men: 3
women: 2
generally noone should have more than 4 units per night
tobacco contains tars and carbon monoxide which are suggested to cause (answer in %)
____ of coronary heart diseases,
____ of lung cancer
____ of chronic obstructive airway disease
answer choices: 80, 70, 30
30 - CHD
70 - LC
80 - COAD
what is the impact of smoking tobacco on the body?
CO reduces circulation of oxygen in the blood
nicotine increases blood pressure and heart rate
narrowing of arteries and increased likelihood in thrombosis
what is carcinogenesis
The process by which normal cells become cancer cells
name three main factors that distinguish those that engage in problem-drinking from those that don’t
social learning experience
genetics and family history
psychopathology
Developing a tolerance to a substance and subsequently having to increase the dosis of it to get the known effects or alternatively avoiding withdrawal - What is this process
addiction
HIV prevalence
36.9 million people
reasons for decrease in prevalence of HIV
- antiretroviral therapies
- health behaviors (no needle sharing, condom use)
is alcohol a stimulant or a depressant (in its function on the CNS)
a depressant
effects of alcohol
low dose - behavioral inhibition
high dose - increased likelihood of accidents
very high dose - affects respiratory rate
(can lead to coma and death)
what can interventions be aimed at when tackling alcohol abuse
behavior interventions
self-esteem improvements
moderate alcohol consumption is healthy/unhealthy
healthy
why might moderate consumption of red wine actually reduce the likelhood of cardiovascular disease?
because of its polyphenolic compounds like flavanol - has antioxidative/ anti-inflammatory effects (prevent carcinogenesis)
Why can the mode of ingestion of illicit drugs sometimes be an additional risk factor for chronic disease?
Injection via syringe can lead to HIV infection
what are endorphins?
natural-occurring opiate-like chemicals used by the brain
the heavy consumption of what drug can lead to liver cyrrhosis?
alcohol
