Chapter 9 Study Guide Flashcards
Cellular Respiration is
The process that releases energy by breaking down food molecules in the presence of oxygen.
Where does glycolysis take place?
In the Cytoplasm
Where do the Krebs Cycle and Electron Transport take place?
In the Mitochondria
During glycolysis, glucose is broken down into how many molecules of pyruvic acid?
2
Calorie
The amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 celsius degree.
Glycolysis
A pathway that converts glucose into pyruvate. Glycolysis releases only a small amount of energy.
What accepts a pair of high-energy electrons and holds the electrons until they can be transferred to other molecules?
NADH
Fermentation
It releases energy from food molecules in the absence of oxygen.
Anaerobic
Not air. Fermentation is anaerobic.
Aerobic
Anything that requires oxygen.
Krebs Cycle
The second stage of cellular respiration. During this pyruvic acid is broken down into carbon dioxide in a series of energy-extracting reactions.
Electron Transport Chain
High-energy electrons are passed to the electron transport chain which uses those electrons to convert ADP into ATP.
Glycolysis is the process by which…
One molecule of glucose is broken in half, producing two molecules of pyruvic acid, a 3-carbon compound.
Because glycolysis does not require oxygen, what does it do?
Supplies chemical energy to cells when oxygen is not available.
The two main types of fermentation are…
Alcoholic and Lactic Acid
In the absence of oxygen; yeast, and a few other microorganisms use alcoholic fermentation to form what?
Ethyl alcohol and CO2 as wastes.
Animals cannot perform alcoholic fermentation but some cells, such as human muscle cells, can convert glucose into lactic acid. What is this called?
Lactic acid fermentation.
During the Krebs cycle, pyruvic acid is broken down into carbon dioxide in a series of what?
Energy-extracting reactions.
The electron transport chain uses the high-energy electrons from the Krebs Cycle to convert what into what?
ADP into ATP
The products of photosynthesis are similar to…
The reactants of cellular respiration.
Describe the process of cellular respiration.
The process releases energy by breaking down food molecules in the presence of oxygen. There are three main steps of cellular respiration; glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation.
What are the products of glycolysis?
4 ATP (net gain of 2 ATP), 2 Pyruvic acid, and 2 NADH.
What does Alcoholic Fermentation give off that Lactic Acid Fermentation does not?
Carbon Dioxide
During the Krebs cycle, pyruvic acid from glycolysis is used to make carbon dioxide and…
NADH, ATP, and FADH2.
The complete breakdown of glucose through cellular respiration, including glycolysis, results in the production of how many molecules of ATP.
36
Why is cellular respiration considered to be much more efficient than glycolysis alone?
Cellular Respiration enables the cell to produce 34 more ATP molecules per glucose molecule
What is photosynthesis?
Photosynthesis converts carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and glucose.
In cells, the energy available in food is used to make an energy-rich compound called…
ATP
What raw materials are needed for cellular respiration?
Oxygen and Glucose
Does Cellular Respiration include glycolysis?
Yes
What are the steps of fermentation?
- Glucose produces 2 pyruvate molecules.
- Each pyruvate releases carbon dioxide to produce acetaldehyde.
- Acetaldehyde takes the hydrogen ions from NADH, producing ethanol and converting NADH to NAD+.
What is this the formula for?
C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O
Cellular Respiration
What molecule is regenerated
by fermentation?
NAD+
In the absence of oxygen,
what is pyruvic acid converted
into?
Lactic Acid
H+ ions must pass through
what enzyme in order to
escape the intermembrane
space?
ATP Synthase
