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Biology > Chapter 9 Study Guide > Flashcards

Chapter 9 Study Guide Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Cellular Respiration is

A

The process that releases energy by breaking down food molecules in the presence of oxygen.

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2
Q

Where does glycolysis take place?

A

In the Cytoplasm

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3
Q

Where do the Krebs Cycle and Electron Transport take place?

A

In the Mitochondria

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4
Q

During glycolysis, glucose is broken down into how many molecules of pyruvic acid?

A

2

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5
Q

Calorie

A

The amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 celsius degree.

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6
Q

Glycolysis

A

A pathway that converts glucose into pyruvate. Glycolysis releases only a small amount of energy.

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7
Q

What accepts a pair of high-energy electrons and holds the electrons until they can be transferred to other molecules?

A

NADH

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8
Q

Fermentation

A

It releases energy from food molecules in the absence of oxygen.

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9
Q

Anaerobic

A

Not air. Fermentation is anaerobic.

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10
Q

Aerobic

A

Anything that requires oxygen.

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11
Q

Krebs Cycle

A

The second stage of cellular respiration. During this pyruvic acid is broken down into carbon dioxide in a series of energy-extracting reactions.

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12
Q

Electron Transport Chain

A

High-energy electrons are passed to the electron transport chain which uses those electrons to convert ADP into ATP.

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13
Q

Glycolysis is the process by which…

A

One molecule of glucose is broken in half, producing two molecules of pyruvic acid, a 3-carbon compound.

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14
Q

Because glycolysis does not require oxygen, what does it do?

A

Supplies chemical energy to cells when oxygen is not available.

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15
Q

The two main types of fermentation are…

A

Alcoholic and Lactic Acid

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16
Q

In the absence of oxygen; yeast, and a few other microorganisms use alcoholic fermentation to form what?

A

Ethyl alcohol and CO2 as wastes.

17
Q

Animals cannot perform alcoholic fermentation but some cells, such as human muscle cells, can convert glucose into lactic acid. What is this called?

A

Lactic acid fermentation.

18
Q

During the Krebs cycle, pyruvic acid is broken down into carbon dioxide in a series of what?

A

Energy-extracting reactions.

19
Q

The electron transport chain uses the high-energy electrons from the Krebs Cycle to convert what into what?

A

ADP into ATP

20
Q

The products of photosynthesis are similar to…

A

The reactants of cellular respiration.

21
Q

Describe the process of cellular respiration.

A

The process releases energy by breaking down food molecules in the presence of oxygen. There are three main steps of cellular respiration; glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation.

22
Q

What are the products of glycolysis?

A

4 ATP (net gain of 2 ATP), 2 Pyruvic acid, and 2 NADH.

23
Q

What does Alcoholic Fermentation give off that Lactic Acid Fermentation does not?

A

Carbon Dioxide

24
Q

During the Krebs cycle, pyruvic acid from glycolysis is used to make carbon dioxide and…

A

NADH, ATP, and FADH2.

25
Q

The complete breakdown of glucose through cellular respiration, including glycolysis, results in the production of how many molecules of ATP.

A

36

26
Q

Why is cellular respiration considered to be much more efficient than glycolysis alone?

A

Cellular Respiration enables the cell to produce 34 more ATP molecules per glucose molecule

27
Q

What is photosynthesis?

A

Photosynthesis converts carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and glucose.

28
Q

In cells, the energy available in food is used to make an energy-rich compound called…

A

ATP

29
Q

What raw materials are needed for cellular respiration?

A

Oxygen and Glucose

30
Q

Does Cellular Respiration include glycolysis?

A

Yes

31
Q

What are the steps of fermentation?

A
  1. Glucose produces 2 pyruvate molecules.
  2. Each pyruvate releases carbon dioxide to produce acetaldehyde.
  3. Acetaldehyde takes the hydrogen ions from NADH, producing ethanol and converting NADH to NAD+.
32
Q

What is this the formula for?
C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O

A

Cellular Respiration

33
Q

What molecule is regenerated
by fermentation?

A

NAD+

34
Q

In the absence of oxygen,
what is pyruvic acid converted
into?

A

Lactic Acid

35
Q

H+ ions must pass through
what enzyme in order to
escape the intermembrane
space?

A

ATP Synthase

Biology (8 decks)

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