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Biology > Chapter 7 Study Guide > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Study Guide Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Nucleus

A

A cell structure that contains the cell’s genetic material and controls the cell’s activities.

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2
Q

Prokaryotes don’t have…

A

A nucleus

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3
Q

What is the main function of the cell wall?

A

To support and protect the cell.

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4
Q

What is the cell membrane made of?

A

Tough fibers

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5
Q

Which structures carry out cell movement?

A

Microtubules and microfilaments

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6
Q

Which organelle breaks down food into particles the cell can use?

A

Lysosome

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7
Q

Which organelle makes proteins using coded instructions that come from the nucleus?

A

Ribosome

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8
Q

Which organelle converts food into compounds that the cell uses for growth, development, and movement?

A

Mitochondrion

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9
Q

Which organelles help provide cells with energy?

A

Mitochondria and chloroplasts

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10
Q

Which organelle would you expect to find in plant cells but not in animal cells?

A

Chloroplast

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11
Q

The cell membrane contains channels and pumps that help move materials from one side to the other. What are these channels and pumps made of?

A

Protiens

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12
Q

What is diffusion?

A

The movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

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13
Q

When the concentration of molecules on both sides of a membrane is the same, what will the molecules do?

A

Move across the membrane in both directions,

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14
Q

Which means of particle transport requires input of energy from the cell?

A

Active transport

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15
Q

What is the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane called?

A

Osmosis

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16
Q

Why will an animal cell that is surrounded by freshwater burst?

A

Because the osmotic pressure causes water to move into the cell.

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17
Q

Which term refers to cells having different jobs in an organism?

A

Cell specialization

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18
Q

What is a group of cells that perform similar functions called?

A

A tissue

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19
Q

What is an organ system?

A

A group of organs that work together to perform a specific function.

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20
Q

If a cell contains a nucleus, then…

A

It must be a eukaryote.

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21
Q

Where does the assembly of ribosomes begin?

A

In a small dense structure called the nucleolus.

22
Q

What do ribosomes stud the surface of?

A

Rough endoplasmic reticulum.

23
Q

What does the cell membrane regulate?

A

The cell membrane regulates which substances enter and leave a cell.

24
Q

What will happen to a red blood cell if placed in pure water?

A

It will burst/swell.

25
Q

What exists between the cells of multicellular organisms?

A

A division of labor

26
Q

What is the cell theory?

A

All living things are composed of cells, cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things, and new cells are produced from existing cells.

27
Q

In a eukaryote, what is the material between the cell membrane and the nucleus?

A

The cytoplasm

28
Q

Eukaryotes are specialized structures that perform important cellular functions. What are the structures called?

A

Organelles.

29
Q

Chromatin

A

The granular material visible within the nucleus.

30
Q

Chromosome

A

Formed from chromatin when a cell divides. Contains genetic information passed from cell to cell

31
Q

Nuclear Envelope

A

A double membrane layer surrounding the nucleus.

32
Q

Cytoskeleton

A

A network of protein filaments that help cells maintain their shape as well as provides mechanical support so cells can function.

33
Q

Microtubule

A

Tracks along which organelles move.

34
Q

Microfilament

A

Long, thin fibers that function in the movement and support of the cell.

35
Q

Ribosome

A

Where proteins are assembled. They produce proteins following coded instructions from the nucleus.

36
Q

Endoplasmic Reticulum

A

The organelle in which components of the cell membrane are assembled, Calcium is stored, and protein is synthesized.

37
Q

Golgi Apparatus

A

Where proteins produced by the rough endoplasmic reticulum move into.

38
Q

Which cell is responsible for removing debris that would otherwise clutter up the cell?

A

Lysosome

39
Q

Vacuole

A

Carbohydrates in sacklike strucutres

40
Q

Chloroplast

A

Use energy from sunlight to make energy-rich food molecules in a process known as photosynthesis.

41
Q

Lipid Bilayer

A

The core of nearly all cell membranes.

42
Q

Concentration

A

The mass of a solute in a given volume of solution.

43
Q

Diffusion (Alternate Definition)

A

Causes many substances to move across a cell membrane but does not require the cell to use energy.

44
Q

Selective Permeability

A

A quality most biological membranes have where some substances can pass through.

45
Q

Facilitated Diffusion

A

During this molecules such as glucose that cannot cross their membrane’s lipid bilayer directly move through protein channels instead.

46
Q

Endocytosis

A

A process by which cells absorb external material by engulfing it with the cell membrane.

47
Q

Phagocytosis

A

The process in which large particles are taken into the cell by endocytosis.

48
Q

Exocytosis

A

The removal of large amounts of material from a cell.

49
Q

Organ

A

A group of tissues working together.

50
Q

All cells have…?

A

Cytoplasm and a cell membrane

Biology (8 decks)

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