Chapter 7 Study Guide Flashcards
Nucleus
A cell structure that contains the cell’s genetic material and controls the cell’s activities.
Prokaryotes don’t have…
A nucleus
What is the main function of the cell wall?
To support and protect the cell.
What is the cell membrane made of?
Tough fibers
Which structures carry out cell movement?
Microtubules and microfilaments
Which organelle breaks down food into particles the cell can use?
Lysosome
Which organelle makes proteins using coded instructions that come from the nucleus?
Ribosome
Which organelle converts food into compounds that the cell uses for growth, development, and movement?
Mitochondrion
Which organelles help provide cells with energy?
Mitochondria and chloroplasts
Which organelle would you expect to find in plant cells but not in animal cells?
Chloroplast
The cell membrane contains channels and pumps that help move materials from one side to the other. What are these channels and pumps made of?
Protiens
What is diffusion?
The movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
When the concentration of molecules on both sides of a membrane is the same, what will the molecules do?
Move across the membrane in both directions,
Which means of particle transport requires input of energy from the cell?
Active transport
What is the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane called?
Osmosis
Why will an animal cell that is surrounded by freshwater burst?
Because the osmotic pressure causes water to move into the cell.
Which term refers to cells having different jobs in an organism?
Cell specialization
What is a group of cells that perform similar functions called?
A tissue
What is an organ system?
A group of organs that work together to perform a specific function.
If a cell contains a nucleus, then…
It must be a eukaryote.
Where does the assembly of ribosomes begin?
In a small dense structure called the nucleolus.
What do ribosomes stud the surface of?
Rough endoplasmic reticulum.
What does the cell membrane regulate?
The cell membrane regulates which substances enter and leave a cell.
What will happen to a red blood cell if placed in pure water?
It will burst/swell.
What exists between the cells of multicellular organisms?
A division of labor
What is the cell theory?
All living things are composed of cells, cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things, and new cells are produced from existing cells.
In a eukaryote, what is the material between the cell membrane and the nucleus?
The cytoplasm
Eukaryotes are specialized structures that perform important cellular functions. What are the structures called?
Organelles.
Chromatin
The granular material visible within the nucleus.
Chromosome
Formed from chromatin when a cell divides. Contains genetic information passed from cell to cell
Nuclear Envelope
A double membrane layer surrounding the nucleus.
Cytoskeleton
A network of protein filaments that help cells maintain their shape as well as provides mechanical support so cells can function.
Microtubule
Tracks along which organelles move.
Microfilament
Long, thin fibers that function in the movement and support of the cell.
Ribosome
Where proteins are assembled. They produce proteins following coded instructions from the nucleus.
Endoplasmic Reticulum
The organelle in which components of the cell membrane are assembled, Calcium is stored, and protein is synthesized.
Golgi Apparatus
Where proteins produced by the rough endoplasmic reticulum move into.
Which cell is responsible for removing debris that would otherwise clutter up the cell?
Lysosome
Vacuole
Carbohydrates in sacklike strucutres
Chloroplast
Use energy from sunlight to make energy-rich food molecules in a process known as photosynthesis.
Lipid Bilayer
The core of nearly all cell membranes.
Concentration
The mass of a solute in a given volume of solution.
Diffusion (Alternate Definition)
Causes many substances to move across a cell membrane but does not require the cell to use energy.
Selective Permeability
A quality most biological membranes have where some substances can pass through.
Facilitated Diffusion
During this molecules such as glucose that cannot cross their membrane’s lipid bilayer directly move through protein channels instead.
Endocytosis
A process by which cells absorb external material by engulfing it with the cell membrane.
Phagocytosis
The process in which large particles are taken into the cell by endocytosis.
Exocytosis
The removal of large amounts of material from a cell.
Organ
A group of tissues working together.
All cells have…?
Cytoplasm and a cell membrane
