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Biology > Chapter 11 Study Guide > Flashcards

Chapter 11 Study Guide Flashcards

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1
Q

An allele is

A

Different forms of a gene

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2
Q

If a homozygous tall and homozygous short are crossed what happens?

A

The recessive trait disappears.

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3
Q

What is a Punnett Square used for?

A

To determine the actual outcome of a cross of genes.

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4
Q

Homozygous

A

Organisms that have two identical alleles for a particular trait.

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5
Q

Heterozygous

A

Organisms that have different alleles for a particular trait.

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6
Q

Phenotype

A

The physical characteristics of an organism

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7
Q

Genotype

A

Aa, AA, aa

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8
Q

Codominance

A

A situation in which a gene has more than two alleles.

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9
Q

What does meiosis result in the formation of?

A

Four haploid gamete cells

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10
Q

What does mitosis result in the formation of?

A

Two genetically identical daughter cells

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11
Q

What happens when gametes are produced by meiosis?

A

The chromosome number of an organism is maintained.

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12
Q

The relative locations of genes on a chromosome are shown on what?

A

Gene Map

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13
Q

During meiosis, what halves?

A

The chromosome number

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14
Q

What happens during Telophase 1?

A

The chromosome number is reduced.

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15
Q

What is incomplete dominance?

A

When neither trait is truly dominant over the other. When a redhead and a brunette have blonde children, that is complete dominance.

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16
Q

What is used to construct a gene map?

A

Recombination rate

17
Q

What happens during meiosis 1?

A

Alles for the same trait are separated from each other.

18
Q

In males, meiosis results in four equal-sized gametes called…?

A

Sperm

19
Q

In females, only one large what results from meiosis?

A

Egg

20
Q

What three cells are usually not included in reproduction?

A

Polar Bodies

21
Q

Cells undergo a round of DNA replication, forming duplicate chromosomes in what phase…?

A

Interphase 1

22
Q

What happens during Prophase 1?

A

Each chromosome pairs with its corresponding homozygous chromosome to form a tetrad.

23
Q

Spindle fibers attach to the chromosomes in..?

A

Metaphase 1

24
Q

The fibers pull the homologous chromosomes toward opposite ends of the cell in..?

A

Anaphase 1

25
Q

What happens in Metaphase 2?

A

The chromosomes line up in a similar way to the metaphase stage of mitosis.

26
Q

What happens in Anaphase 2?

A

The sister chromatids separate and move towards opposite ends of the cell.

27
Q

During prophase 1 of meiosis, homologous chromosomes may cross over and exchange portions of their…?

A

Chromatids

28
Q

Gamete

A

Reproductive cells (Sperm and Egg)

29
Q

Diploid

A

2 copies of each gene

30
Q

What is genetics the study of?

A

Inheritance: the DNA you get from your parents.

31
Q

Gene

A

A stretch of DNA that controls a trait.

32
Q

During gamete formation, alleles are segregated from each other so that each gamete carries only a…?

A

Single copy of each gene

33
Q

Each F1 plant produces two types of gametes. These are the alleles for what and what?

A

Shortness and tallness.

34
Q

True-Breeding

A

If something is allowed to self-pollinate they would produce offspring identical to themselves.

35
Q

Hybrids

A

The offspring of crosses between parents with different traits.

36
Q

Independent Assortment

A

Genes for different traits can segregate independently during the formation of gametes.

37
Q

What is it called when there’s a gene with more than two alleles.

A

Multiple alleles

38
Q

Polygenic Traits

A

Traits controlled by two or more genes.

39
Q

As homologous chromosomes pair up and form tetrads in meiosis 1, they may exchange portions of their chromatids in a process called..?

A

Crossing-Over

Biology (8 decks)

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