Chapter 9 Section 1 Flashcards
Which Federalist practice did Jefferson keep after he was elected in 1800?
Jefferson maintained the national bank.
What aspect of Thomas Jefferson’s life reflected a basic contradiction that existed in American society at that time?
Jefferson wrote that “all men are created equal” in the Declaration of Independence, but he owned over 100 slaves.
How did the introduction judicial review affect the US government?
Judicial review increased the power of the Supreme Court.
How was the election of 1800 decided? Why did Jefferson win?
Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr received an equal number of electoral votes for president. According to the Constitution, the tie had to be broken in the House of Representatives. Hamilton’s support helped Jefferson win votes in the House and thus win the election. Hamilton and Burr were bitter enemies.
What idea did Jefferson emphasize in his inaugural address?
Jefferson emphasized the idea of unity.
Who appointed “Midnight Judges” just before leaving office?
John Adams
Why was Marbury vs. Madison an important case?
Marbury vs. Madison was the first time a law was declared unconstitutional.
Which idea did Marbury vs. Madison help support?
There must be balance among the branches of government.
What political purpose did the the Judiciary Act of 1801 serve?
The Judiciary Act of 1801 was an attempt to maintain Federalist influence in the federal court system by limiting Jefferson’s ability to appoint judges to the Supreme Court and to lower federal courts.
What was Thomas Jefferson’s platform in the campaign for president in 1800?
Jefferson campaigned for limited government and lower taxes.
What was Thomas Jefferson’s political philosophy, and how was it reflected in his policies as president?
Jefferson believed in limited government and lower taxes. As president, he lowered taxes and government spending and reduced the size of the federal judiciary.
What were some of Jefferson’s talents and accomplishments?
Jefferson’s talents and accomplishments included being a gifted writer, scientist, architect, lawyer, inventor, and gardener. He also authored the Declaration of Independence and served as president for two terms.
How was Marbury appointed as a judge?
After the Federalists lost the election in 1800, Congress passed the Judiciary Act of 1801, enabling President John Adams to appoint new Federalist judges before he left office (the “Midnight Judges”). He appointed Marbury and others.
What unintended consequence did John Adams’s plan to appoint midnight judges bring about?
Adams hoped to pack the courts with Federalists in order to counter Jefferson’s presidential power. However, his strategy led to the Supreme Court establishing judicial review, giving the Court authority to invalidate a law it finds unconstitutional.
What event led to the Marbury vs. Madison case?
President Adams appointment of midnight judges
