Chapter 9 Science Flashcards
What are the THREE layers of skin in order from inner layer to outer layer?
Hypodermis, dermis, epidermis
What is melanin?
Melanin is the pigment that protects your skin and gives it its color
What is a bruise?
A bruise is when blood vessels beneath the skin bursts
What are the three types of muscles and where can they be found?
Skeletal muscles are attached to bone and move them. Cardiac muscles surround the heart and help the heart pump. Smooth muscles surround many internal organs
What is the difference between voluntary and involuntary muscles? Give examples of each.
Voluntary muscles are muscles that you can control (ex: lifting your arm, walking, speaking,). Involuntary muscles are muscles we cannot control (ex: our heart beat)
Describe the different parts of the bone.
Periosteum- the tough, outer most layer of the bone
Compact bone- gives the bone its strength
Spongy bone- makes bone light weight
Cavities- spaces filled with bone marrow
Cartilage- thick, smooth tissue found on the end of bones and reduces frictionbetween bones
What are the two types of bone marrow?
Bone marrow makes red blood cells. Red bone marrow makes red blood cells. Yellow bone marrow is composed of fat cells
What is the difference between a tendon and a ligament?
Tendons attach muscles to bones. Ligaments hold bones together
What is the difference between cartilage and joints?
Cartilage is a thick layer of tissue that is found on the end of bones that are flexible and act as shock absorbers. It reduces friction between bones. Joints are where two or more bones meet
What are the three types of joints?
Immovable joints (skull), partly moveable joints (ribs) and moveable joints (allows for range of motion)
What are the 4 types of movable joints? Give an example of each.
Pivot- one bone rotates in a ring of another bone (ex: turning head)
Ball & socket- bone with rounded end fits into a cup-like shape (ex: shoulder)
Hinge- back and forth movement like a door (ex: elbows, knees, fingers)
Gliding- bones slide over another bone (ex: wrists, ankles)
13) What is the difference between a hydrostatic skeleton and an exoskeleton?
A hydrostatic skeleton is an internal skeletal system made of fluid. An exoskeleton is an external skeletal system made up of nonliving materials.
What are the three types of plant roots?
Taproots are plants that have smaller roots coming from one main root. Prop roots are plants that have visible roots above the ground. Fibrous roots are plants that have roots extending from the stem of the plant
What are the three types of neurons?
Sensory neurons receive and send impulses to the brain or spinal cord. Motor neurons conduct impulses from the brain and spinal cord to muscles or glands throughout your body. Interneurons transport impulses from one neuron to another
What is the difference between the PNS and CNS?
The central nervous system (CNS) is made up of neurons and is the control center for all activities in the body consisting of the brain and spinal cord. Peripheral nervous system (PNS) connects the brain and spinal cord (CNS) to other parts of the body
