Chapter 11 Science Flashcards
What are the FOUR functions of the digestive system?
ingestion, digestion, absorption and elimination
What is the difference between chemical and mechanical digestion and list where in the body they occur?
Chemical digestion is when enzymes chemically break down into a new substance(occurs in the mouth and stomach)
Mechanical digestion is the physical breaking down of food (occurs in the mouth, esophagus and small intestine).
What are the organs of the digestive tract? Explain their functions.
mouth- beginning of the digestive system where food is chewed and swallowed
esophagus- transports food from the mouth to the stomach
stomach- contains gastric juices that break down food
small intestines- where nutrients are absorbed into the blood; macromolecules are broken down
large intestine- where water and minerals are absorbed into the blood solid waste is produced
What is peristalsis?
Peristalsis is the wave-like movement of muscles that moves food through the digestive system.
What are the four substances that are found in gastric juices?
Gastric juices are juices produced in the stomach made up of chyme, mucus, pepsin, and hydrochloric acid that help chemically break down food.
What is the importance of the epiglottis?
Epiglottis is a flap of tissue that guides food to the esophagus and protects the windpipe
What are villi?
Villi are finger-like projections on the lining of the small intestine. They help with the absorption of nutrients into the blood.
Explain the function of the digestive helpers: liver, pancreas, gallbladder
Liver- produces bile and gets rid of toxins in the body
Gallbladder- stores bile and helps digest fat
Pancreas- helps digest protein and fats and make hormones
What are proteins and what foods are high in protein?
Proteins are nutrients that are needed for growth, replacement and repair of body cells (meats, fish, dairy, nuts)
What are amino acids and how many do we get from the food we eat?
Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins and there are 8 that we can only get from foods.
What is the difference between simple carbohydrates and complex carbohydrates?
Simple carbohydrates are sugars that taste sweet and provide quick energy.
Complex carbohydrates are starches and fibers that provide long-lasting energy.
What are lipids and what do they do for the body?
Good fat that provides energy and helps our body absorb vitamins
What is the difference between vitamins and minerals?
Vitamins are organic nutrients that are needed for growth; regulating body
functions; and prevents disease. Minerals are inorganic nutrients that regulate many chemical reactions in the body; help build teeth and bone; and help maintain muscle and
nervous functions.
Why is water important?
Water helps dissolve and carry nutrients through the body; removes waste from the blood; and regulates body temperature.
What is a nutrition label?
A label found on packaged foods and beverages that provides detailed information about the food’s nutrient content.
What is malnutrition?
A disorder where the body does not have the nutrients from food
What is the difference between the digestive system and the excretory system?
The digestive system is the breakdown of food into usable and unusable parts.
The excretory system is the elimination of wastes from the body.
What are the parts of the urinary system? Explain their functions.
kidneys- contains nephrons that filter waste in the blood and from excess water
ureters- tubes that connect the kidneys to the bladder
bladder- organ where urine is stored
urethra- tube that connects to your bladder and leads to outside the body
What is dialysis?
When a person’s blood is filtered through a machine because they have failed kidneys
What are kidney stones?
A solid, crystal-like substance that forms in the kidneys from not drinking enough water and high levels of protein, sodium, sugar or calcium
