Biotechnology 8th grade Flashcards
Biotechnology
use of living things to produce “tools” that can be used by humans. Humans manipulating living things.
Selective breeding
when humans choose desired traits in organisms and have them reproduce. It does not guarantee the wanted traits.
Cloning
Making an exact copy of an organism
To determine the organism that the clone is of look for
the body cell or the nucleus.
i. This contains the DNA
ii. The clone may differ from the parent because of the environment.
We have not cloned humans because
it is considered unethical
Genetic Engineering
manipulating the genetic material; building or designing genes.
Gentic Engineering continued: The organisms with the gene can now produce the
desired protein (the protein the gene codes
for).
Gel electrophoresis is used to
measure DNA strands and compare them.
a. The DNA is cut using
b. The process uses to cause the segments to move.
i. DNA is charged.
c. DNA is loaded into .
i. Smallest pieces move from the wells.
ii. Larger pieces move than smaller pieces.
a. The DNA is cut using enzymes (restriction enzymes).
b. The process uses electricity to cause the segments to move.
i. DNA is negatively charged.
c. DNA is loaded into wells.
i. Smallest pieces move farther away from the wells.
ii. Larger pieces move slower and less distance than smaller pieces.
d. Organisms/species with similar banding patterns are more closely .
Paper chromatography is used to
separate the pigments (colors)
Similar colors means that the organisms may be more
closely related/similar
If organisms/species share more amino acids, they are more
closely related/similar
Indicators are used to
determine if something is present or absent
a. If there is a change, the material is .
b. If there is no change, the material is .
c. Changes include
a. If there is a change, the material is present.
b. If there is no change, the material is absent.
c. Changes include color changes, bubbles, reaction or not reaction.
