Chapter 10 Science

Question 1

What is the difference between vascular and nonvascular plants?

Answer 1

Vascular plants have specialized tissue that carry and distribute water and nutrients up from the roots throughout the plant. Nonvascular plants do not have specialized tissue and each cell absorbs water and nutrients on its own through osmosis and diffusion.

Question 2

What are the three parts of vascular plants and their functions?

Answer 2

xylem- transports water
phloem- transports food
vascular cambium- produce xylem and phloem as well as increase the thickness of the stem and roots.

Question 3

What is the difference between an open and closed circulatory system?

Answer 3

An open circulatory system is when blood and other fluids are transported into an open cavity where oxygen and nutrients in blood can enter tissues and cells directly. A closed circulatory system is when blood is transported through blood vessels that are connected to muscle and tissue.

Question 4

What are the four chambers of the heart?

Answer 4

right atrium, left atrium, right ventricle, left ventricle

Question 5

What is the septum?

Answer 5

A thick layer of tissue that separates the left and right sides of the heart.

Question 6

What are valves?

Answer 6

Thin flaps of tissue that act like a one way door in the heart.

Question 7

Describe the flow of blood through the heart.

Answer 7

-Enters heart through the inferior Vena Cava into the right atrium
- Right atrium to the right ventricle
- Right ventricle to the pulmonary artery
- Pulmonary artery to the lungs where blood gets oxygen
- Lungs to the pulmonary veins to the left atrium
- Left atrium to the left ventricle
- Left ventricle to the Aorta
- Aorta to the blood.

Question 8

What instrument is used to measure your heartbeat?

Answer 8

A stethoscope

Question 9

Compare and contrast the 3 types of blood vessels.

Answer 9

Arteries have thick, muscular walls that carry blood AWAY from the
heart. Capillaries have tiny, very thin walls that connect arteries to veins and they exchange oxygen, carbon dioxide, food and waste between blood and body cells. Veins have thin walls and have valves and muscles that contract to keep blood flowing, carrying it to the heart.

Question 10

What is the largest artery/vein in the body?

Answer 10

The largest artery is the Aorta and the largest vein is the Vena Cava

Question 11

What is the difference between a heartbeat and blood pressure?

Answer 11

Heartbeat is the rhythm your heart has when pumping blood. Blood
pressure is the force of the blood on the walls of your blood vessels.

Question 12

What is plasma?

Answer 12

The liquid part of the blood that is made up of mostly water, digested vitamins and minerals, and carbon dioxide.

Question 13

What is the difference between the red and white blood cells?

Answer 13

Red blood cells have no nucleus; contain hemoglobin; are the
transporters of hormones, nutrients and gases throughout the body. White blood cells have a nucleus; helps the body fight disease and doesn’t have hemoglobin.

Question 14

What is the iron compound in RBCs that carry oxygen?

Answer 14

Hemoglobin

Question 15

What are tiny colorless pieces of cells?

Answer 15

Platelets

Question 16

What are cilia?

Answer 16

Tiny hairs and mucus that traps particles from the air and controls where they go.

Question 17

What is the epiglottis?

Answer 17

A thin piece of tissue at the end of the pharynx that sends air to the trachea.

Question 18

Explain the pathway of air through the body (Do not include the larynx).

Answer 18

• Oxygen enters the body through the nose or mouth to the pharynx.
• Then to the trachea to the bronchi.
• Finally to the alveoli and the lungs.

Question 19

What is the larynx?

Answer 19

Your voice box

Question 20

What is the difference between breathing and respiration?

Answer 20

Breathing is the mechanical/ physical process of inhalation and exhalation. Respiration is the chemical process of carrying oxygen to cells, getting rid of carbon dioxide and releasing energy.