Chapter 9: Safety & Human Behavior (TEST 2)

Question 1

What is Human Error

Answer 1

An inappropriate or undesirable human decision or behavior that reduces or has the potential to reduce effectiveness, safety, or human performance

Question 2

True or False:
A corrected error is still an error

To be an error, it must have the potential to adversely affect the system

Answer 2

True
True

Question 3

2 Classification schemes for Human Error

Answer 3

Discrete , Information Processing Classifications

Question 4

Discrete classification scheme

Answer 4

Omission - Failure to do something
Commission - Perform an act incorrectly
Sequence - Perform an act in the wrong order
Timing - Failure to perform an act in the allotted time period
Unintentional - accidental performance of an act while knowing it was wrong
Confusion - uncertain of what/which act to perform

Question 5

Information Processing Classifications Scheme

Answer 5

Skill Based - subconscious routines, errors of execution

Rule Based - set of rules followed in situations (must recognize salient features and apply correct rules)

Knowledge-Based - unique, unfamiliar situations

Question 6

How do we account for human error

Answer 6

Employee selection
Training
Design Strategies

Question 7

What are some design strategies to account for Human Error

Answer 7

Exclusion (make it impossible to make the error – design it out)

Prevention (make it difficult (not impossible) to commit the error (guard against))

Fail-safe designs (decrease the consequences of error (e.g. put a finger
activator on punches, use steel gloves when working with cutting tools))

Question 8

What is an accident

Answer 8

An accident is an unanticipated event which damages the system and/or individual or affects the accomplishment of the system
mission or individual task

Question 9

Analysis of accident

Answer 9

1. Nature of the injury (death, amputation, laceration, etc.)
2. Part of the body affected
3. Type of accident (struck by, caught between, etc.)
4. Source of injury (tools, body movement, etc.)

Question 10

What is Domino Theory, what are the implications of it, and what are the 5 factors (dominos)?

Answer 10

In the Domino Theory, there are 5 dominos in a row, if I take out any one of those 5 dominos before the injury occurs, then the injury is not going to occur

The 5 factors in the sequence of events leading up to an accident:
1. Ancestry and social environment.
2. Fault of person.
3. Unsafe act/mechanical or physical hazard
4. Accident
5. Injury

Two main points:
Preceding factors cause injuries
Accidents/injuries can be prevented by removing the central factor (unsafe act or hazard)

Question 11

Minimum Requirements for Warnings

Answer 11

1. Signal Word
2. Nature of Hazard
3. Consequences
4. Instructions