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Ergonomics > Chapter 8: Controls & Displays (TEST 2) > Flashcards

Chapter 8: Controls & Displays (TEST 2) Flashcards

1
Q

What is a display and its purpose

A

A display is a device or interface that presents information to the user.

To convey information about a certain entity in our environment or surrounding

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2
Q

Types of display

A

visual, auditory, tactual, and olfactory

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3
Q

Main issue of visual displays

A

easily overloaded

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4
Q

Types of visual displays

A
  1. Quantitative
  2. Qualitative
  3. Check Reading
  4. Situation Awareness
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5
Q

Quantitative display

A

Numerical information is critical to decision-making

Changes in numerical information reflect system status

Usually digital or other fixed-number output

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6
Q

Qualitative display

A

Approximates values, trends, rate of change or direction

Shape, spatial arrangement, movement, and color convey meaning

There is a range of normality or abnormality

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7
Q

Check Reading display

A

gives you the status of parameter

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8
Q

Situation Awareness display

A

similar to check reading, but used to aid
in prediction of future states

Ex: gas is low indicator tells you that you will run out of gas soon

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9
Q

What is the main issue of Auditory displays

A

reduction in hearing ability over a workday for noise environments/fading into background noise

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10
Q

Purpose of Auditory displays

A

Warning/alarm signals
Aids for the blind

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11
Q

Main issue of olfactory display

A

low sense of smell

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12
Q

one use of olfactory display

A

Warnings( e.g. rotten eggs for natural gas leak)

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13
Q

Tactual display’s main issue

A

rarely used, difficulty in using body parts other than the hands

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14
Q

What is a control

A

A control is any interface element or device that a user can manipulate to operate or influence a system or machine

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15
Q

Purpose of a control

A

Transmit information to some device, mechanism, or system

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16
Q

Discrete

A

limited number of conditions

17
Q

Continuous

A

infinite number of options

18
Q

Name all 5 Types of coding for ease of identification

A

Color Coding
Shape Coding
Size Coding
Location Coding
Labeling

19
Q

Color Coding

A

Using different colors to signify different functions

20
Q

Shape Coding

A

Giving controls distinct shapes

21
Q

Size Coding

A

Larger controls for more critical functions that need immediate attention

22
Q

Location Coding

A

Grouping related controls together to help users find the right one quickly

23
Q

Labeling

A

Adding clear and descriptive text to each control to clarify its function

24
Q

Control-response ratio (C/R)
What is a Low C/R ratio and High C/R ratio

A

ratio of control movement to movement
of the system’s response
Low C/R ratios are sensitive
High C/R ratios are not sensitive

25
Q

Why should controls have resistance

A

avoid inadvertent activation of the control

26
Q

Dead Space

A

amount of control movement around the null position that doesn’t result in activation

27
Q

Types of Resistance

A

Elastic
Viscous
Static/Coulomb
Inertia

28
Q

Elastic Resistance

A

After movement of the control, it will return to the null position

29
Q

Viscous Resistance

A

Amount of resistance related to velocity of control movement

30
Q

What device does not have resistance

A

touchscreen

31
Q

Static/Coulomb Resistance

A

Resistance is greatest at the initiation of control movement

32
Q

Inertia Resistance

A

Resistance due to the mass of the mechanism (hard to start and hard to stop; hard to make fine adjustments)

33
Q

Name all types of controls and their respective uses

A

Cranks & handwheels: Used to apply force
Knobs: Used to apply torque
Stick-type Controls
Multifunction hand controls: no need to look at the control to operate, operator is in
constant contact with the control
Foot Controls: Used for force
Multifunction

34
Q

Name the 3 special control devices

A

Membrane Keypads
Speech Activated Controls
Eye Activated Controls

35
Q

Membrane Keypads problems

A

Require more force—small activation area in the center of the key versus depression of keyboard key at any spot
Contact areas are difficult to locate (keys are not easily separable by touch, require visual contact to operate)

36
Q

Speech Activated Controls problems

A

Limited vocabulary

Significant pauses between words
(requires training to speak like this)

Individual differences (accents may
interfere with word recognition)

Changes in voice due to fatigue, stress,
emergencies, etc.

37
Q

Eye Activated Controls problems

A

Overburden visual system

Vibrations distort eye control

Distractions cause eye shifts

Delays in ensuring eye activation

38
Q
A

Ergonomics (12 decks)

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