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Ergonomics > Chapter 13 WMSD > Flashcards

Chapter 13 WMSD Flashcards

1
Q

What is Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders (WMSD)?

A

Injuries that affect the soft tissues of the body (muscles, tendons, nerves, ligaments) that develop gradually over time due to micro-trauma to these tissues
OR
Physical ailments or abnormal conditions which develop gradually over a period of time as a result of repeated mechanical stresses on a particular body part

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2
Q

What are other names for WMSD?

A

Cumulative Trauma Disorders (CTD)
Repetitive Strain Injuries (RSI)
Repeated Trauma Disorders (RTD)

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3
Q

Types of risk factors

A

occupational, personal, and psychosocial

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4
Q

What is associated with occupational risk factor

A

associated with a work task and work areas (repetition, force, posture, vibration, exposure to cold, insufficient rest and recovery)

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5
Q

What is associated with personal risk factor

A

Associated with an individual that may
predispose them to risk (age, gender,
personality type, recreational activities,
anthropometry, etc.)

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6
Q

What is associated with psychosocial risk factor

A

Associated with the organizational
practices and procedures (time stress,
supervisory control, autonomy, job
security, interaction with coworkers,
increased workload demands, lack of job
clarity, etc.)

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7
Q

Neck WMSD physical ailments or abnormal conditions

A

Tension neck syndrome and posture strain

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8
Q

Neck WMSD Contributing factors

A
  • prolonged static, restricted or nonnatural posture
  • prolonged lifting of head
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9
Q

Primary Neck WMSD prevention through admin controls

A

job enlargement

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10
Q

Back WMSD physical ailments or abnormal conditions

A
  • degenerative disc disease
  • herniated disc
  • mechanical back syndrome
  • ligament sprain
  • muscle strain
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11
Q

Contributing factors to Back WMSD

A
  • prolonged static load on upper torso musculature
  • awkward posture: extensive trunk flexion or extension
  • constant lifting of objects from the floor
  • bending and twisting
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12
Q

Primary prevention admin control for back WMSD

A

Training employee(s) in proper lifting technique

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13
Q

Physical ailments or abnormal conditions as a result of Shoulder WMSD

A

Thoracic outlet syndrome and shoulder tendonitis

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14
Q

Contributing factors to shoulder WMSD

A
  • prolonged flexion/abduction of shoulders
  • frequent reaching above shoulders
  • tasks which pull shoulders back and down
  • prolonged load on shoulders
  • repetitive throwing of heavy loads
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15
Q

Physical ailments or abnormal conditions of elbow WMSD

A
  • Epicondylitis (Tennis Elbow)
  • Cubital Tunnel Syndrome
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16
Q

Contributing factors to elbow WMSD

A
  • repetitive forearm pronation
  • extreme rotation of the forearm
  • extreme flexion of the elbow
17
Q

physical ailments or abnormal conditions due to finger WMSD

A
  • digital neuritis
  • trigger finger
  • DeQuervain’s Disease (thumb)
18
Q

Contributing factors to finger WMSD

A
  • vibrating tools
  • repetitive ulnar deviation
  • flexion of the wrist with effort
  • forceful gripping
19
Q

Prevention methods of finger WMSD

A
  • job rotation and/or job enlargement
  • protective materials (gloves or handles) to absorb vibrations
20
Q

prevention and control for shoulder WMSD

A
  • increase recovery time when forces are high
  • reduce awkward shoulder postures
  • reduce frequent reaching above shoulder
  • reduce loads on shoulder
21
Q

prevention and control of elbow WMSD

A
  • minimize forearm rotation
  • implement rest periods
  • utilize power tools if necessary
22
Q

physical ailments or abnormal conditions due to wrist WMSD

A
  • Tendonitis
  • Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
  • Guyon’s Canal Syndrome
23
Q

Contributing factors to Wrist WMSD

A
  • repetitive forceful wrist extension/flexion
  • high/static force finger movements
  • palmar base pressure
  • ulnar deviation
  • rapid wrist rotational movement
24
Q

prevention and control for wrist WMSD

A

stretching exercises and implementation of rest periods

25
Q

What are engineering controls

A

Focus on changing the work environment to minimize WMSD

26
Q

What are Admin controls

A

Focus on changing the work procedures or methods to minimize WMSD

27
Q

All possible affected body parts

A

3 trunk:
- Neck
- Back
- Shoulder
3 arm:
- Fingers
- Wrist
- Elbow

28
Q

Engineering controls examples

A
  • position work to eliminate awkward postures
  • adjust seating
  • Avoid over-shoulder and below-knuckle height reaches
  • design job to reduce hand forces and repetition
29
Q

Admin control examples

A
  • job enlargement
  • job rotation
  • proper training
  • implement breaks

Ergonomics (12 decks)

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