Chapter 9: Referencing☀️ Flashcards
Bibliography
An alphabetical list of all the sources that are cited in the text. Bibliographies may also be
compiled to list all the works of a single author, or all the books and articles on a particular
topic. In addition, they may be compiled according to all the books published in a certain
country or within a particular time span. They are usually compiled using a standardised
reference technique (e.g. the Harvard reference style). Also referred to as a Reference list.
Citation generator
A tool that automatically creates a bibliography or reference list.
Citing
To quote or refer to the person and/or information source that was used in your report or assignment. A reference list or bibliography is made up of all the sources that were cited in
your report or assignment.
In-text references
Acknowledging (see also Citing and Referencing) the sources of your information in the text
of your work.
Reference list
An alphabetical list at the end of a document that contains detailed information on the
documents used and cited (referred to) in your work. (See also Bibliography.)
Reference management software or tools
Software for creating, recording and using bibliographic references or citations. It can also be referred to as citation management software
Referencing
The action of noting the source of information that you used in a report or assignment.
Acknowledging the fact that a specific information source was used
Reference system
A specific system or style used to cite or reference the sources you referred to in your work.
Why do I need to reference or cite?
You need to acknowledge when you have used another
person’s ideas when creating your own work.
If you do not reference someone else’s work, you are
committing plagiarism.
It shows that you have done extensive research
It may help you to illustrate a point more clearly.
The reader can view and use these references if
necessary.
The reader can verify the sources.
When do I reference?
References are made each time you use an idea in your work that is not purely your own original idea An idea
can be a fact, a quotation, a table, graphics, music, or anything else obtained from a source of information
whether in print or electronic format, such as a book, an article a newspaper, or an information found on the wéb, including information taken from social media sites.
Footnote
Endnote
Where do I find info I need to use for referencing?
books
journals
web pages
The bibliographic info you need to cite books correctly is ?
the author (this is the persons) responsible for the creation of the book, i.e. the writer compiler editor
translator or corporate author)
the title of the book as well as subtitle(s) where applicable
the edition of the book (second and subsequent editions only)
the name of the publisher
the place of publication
the year of publication
The bibliographic info you need to cite journals is?
the author(s) of the article (but not the editors of the journal)
the title (and subtitle, if applicable) of the article
the title of the journal in which the article appears
the volume number of the journal
the issue number (if applicable), or season/month, which is usually provided if there is no issue number
the year of publication
the page numbers in the journal where the article appears
The bibliographic info needed to cite a web page is?
as much of the same information that you require for books and journal articles, depending on the type of
document that is used (e g. the author, the title of the article, and so on)
the URL (Uniform Resources Locator) or the DOl (Digital Object Identifier)
date of creation or latest update of the web page
date of access (the date when you visited the web page).
Referencing methods/styles
Harvard method MLA stvle APA style Vancouver method Chicago style
- Harvard method
9.3.1 Harvard method
The Harvard reference method was developed in the United States and is one of the most commonly used
systems across the world today.
‘Harvard’ is a generic term for a style that follows the format of author-date citations in the text of the document
and a list of references at the end of the document, arranged alphabetically by author’s name and year of
publication. The Harvard style and its many variations are used in social and behavioural sciences, philosophy,
politics, economics, arts and the health sciences.
In-text citation for Harvard method
Include the author or creator of the work (surname, no initials), the date (year) of the publication and the
page or pages where the information was found (where applicable). The example below applies to any
format (book, journal, social media and so forth).
The idea was already proposed (Brown, 2018: 55)
Books for Harvard method
Start with the surname and initials of the authors) or editors) or the full name of an other entity that acts
as author such as a corporate author. This is followed by the year of publication, the full title of the work.
the place of publication and the name of the publisher. Titles are written in italics.
Brown. R.S 2019. Coming back to the old country. New York: Manhattan Press.
Journal articles for Harvard method
Give the name of the author, year of publication and title of the article, then the name of the journal, volume
number and issue number, followed by the page numbers of the article.
Dyson, T.M. 2020. Child-care and child development. Journal of Social Development, 12(3):
11-21
Online sources for Harvard method
Follow the same basic citation format as print sources for online sources and generally also include the
designation Online the URL and the date that the page was accessed.
Student Research Group. 2016. Citing and referencing. [Online]. Frankfurt: International University.
Available: http://www.ju.ac.de/researchgroup [Accessed 20 April 2020].
