Chapter 9 pt 2 Flashcards
common law
law that was common to the entire kingdom, put in place by Henry II
Magna Carta
“The Great Charter” Under King John there was rebellion against growing royal power in 1215 it was signed and is a document of rights used to say the monarch’s power was not absolute
This is based on the feudal idea that kings and vassals interacted on mutual rights, and obligations.
estate
social classes- the first is the clergy, then the nobles (2nd), townspeople & peasants (3rd)
William of Normandy
1066 Crowned king of England after defeating the Anglo-Saxon king at the Battle of Hastings, also held the first census in Europe since Roman times. These took account for animals, manors, and people and he further developed taxation and royal courts, continuing a new start for English monarchy
Henry II
1154-1189 he ruled expanding the power of the king by increasing the power of royal courts. increasing the number of criminal cases in the court and took property cases into royal rather than local court. Royal courts being throughout England resulted in common law
Thomas a Becket
An archbishop of Cantebury and one of the best clerics, when Henry II tried to take control of the Church he claimed only Roman Catholic Church courts could try clerics. Henry got mad and had him murdered by 4 knights
Philip II Augustus
Ruled French monarchy 1180-1223 he expanded income and power of the monarchy by warring against the English who held French territories, including Normandy and Aquitaine
Otto I
a Germanic king, first time since Charlemagne, he was crowned emperor of Rome in 962
Alexander Nevsky
Mongols captured Russia in the 1200s, Alexander was a Russian prince who was named grand-prince after he defeated a German army in 1242, he was rewarded this title by the Mongol leader. His descendants would become princes of Moscow and leaders of all of Russia
Battle of Hastings
the battle that crowned William of Normandy as king of England
Edward I
Under his reign representative government formed; The Parliament, representatives being 2 knights from each country, 2 people from each town and all nobles and bishops in England. It would form the House of Lords (nobles and church head) and House of Commons (knights and townspeople)
Capetian dynasty
In 843 when Carolingian fell, the French (west Frankish) section’s nobles elected Hugh Capet as king, creating this dynasty
These kings had little power, their royal domain was only around Paris, they were supposed to be overlords of the lords, but many top-notch nobles had greater power
Slavs
Central European peoples, they were divided into 3 groups: the western, southern, and eastern Slavs
Western made the Polish and Bohemian kingdoms, the eastern were converted by the Byzantines, the southern culture was linked to the Byzantine empire but took Catholicism
Eastern Slavs also settled in present-day Ukraine and Russia
Czechs
Bohemians, they were western Slavs
Hungarians
They were not Slavic but along with the Poles and the Czechs they were converted to Christianity by German monks