12 pt 1

Question 1

renaissance

Answer 1

meaning rebirh people in 1350-1550 thought they lived in a rebirth of the ancient Greek and Roman worlds

an age of recovery from plague church decline and political instability, interest of ancient culture, and an idea of individual ability defined it

Question 2

urban society

Answer 2

city-states became the centers of Italian political, economic, and social life in the Renaissance.

Question 3

secular

Answer 3

or worldly, a viewpoint came as increasing wealth created new opportunities for material enjoyment.

Question 4

Leonardo da Vinci

Answer 4

a painter, sculptor, architect, inventor, and mathematician of the Renaissance.

Question 5

Milan, Venice, Florence

Answer 5

individual Italian city-states prospering because there was no monarchy

Question 6

Milan

Answer 6

In northern Italy it was one of the richest city-states. Francesco Sforza became duke after 1447, and the Visonti family before also built a strong centralized state

Question 7

mercenary

Answer 7

soldiers who sold their services to the highest bidder

Question 8

Venice

Answer 8

Its trading power was highly profitable making it an international power. The leader was the elected Doge

The power ran to few merchant-aristocrats, actually.

Question 9

Florence

Answer 9

Cosimo de’ Medici took control in 1434, with grandson Lorenzo de’ Medici, they ruled when it was the cultural center of Italy. Cloth was the export and the Medicis ruled after the pope monopolized a chemical used for dying to their family. Economic troubles due to competition resulted but they returned to power.

Question 10

Niccolo Machiavelli

Answer 10

wrote “The Prince” believing Prince power was to think in human nature, not religious principles.

Question 11

The Italian Wars

Answer 11

ended when the Spanish under Charles I had sacked Rome in drunken rage.

Question 12

nobles

Answer 12

the vast minority of the people, they fulfilled certain ideas. They were expected to have two basic skills, to be a warrior and gain classical education. They wished to serve their prince in an effective and honest way.

Question 13

peasants

Answer 13

Still the majority, serfdom decreased due to lack of use of manorialism and new forms of payment than that of labor.

patricians had the top of urban society, below them were the burghers who were higher-class workers (artisans, shopkeepers). The bottom were the workers who made pitiful wage.

Question 14

dowry

Answer 14

a sum of money given by the wife’s family to the husband upon marriage. Italian weddings were big on this

on a side note, children weren’t legal adults until their parents said so.

Question 15

humanism

Answer 15

an intellectual movement, based o the study of classics and Greek/Roman literature. They studied elements of writing.

Question 16

Petrarch

Answer 16

The father of Italian Renaissance humanism, he found Latin manuscripts and searched for them, referring to pure Latin rather than the medieval Latin

Question 17

Dante

Answer 17

an author who wrote humorous poems about spiritual journeys. He and Geoffrey Chaucer helped make vernacular literature popular.

Question 18

liberal studies

Answer 18

derived from humanism, believed to lead individuals to full potential. The purpose of this education was to produce individuals who had virtue and wisdom, making them good citizens and not just good scholars.

Humanists believed in the Greek ideal of a sound mind and sound body

Question 19

fresco

Answer 19

a painting done on fresh, wet plaster with water-based paints.

Italian Renaissance art focused on understanding the laws of perspective and human anatomy.

Question 20

Michelangelo

Answer 20

One of the ninja-turtles, he painted that thing on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel in Rome, and was an awesome painter, sculptor, architect and was fueled by a desire to create.

Question 21

Jan van Eyck

Answer 21

oil painter, oil paint allowed more colors and fine details. A northern painter, they observed best they could until Albrecht Durer introduced perspective after being inspired by the Italian movements, he used it to enhance his work and attempted to establish an idealized beauty beyond people, such is as the Italians did.