Chapter 9 pt 1 Flashcards
wergild
a fine used to avoid bloodshed in the personal Germanic Law, it is a fee paid by a wrongdoer to the family of a person they hurt. It was the value of the person in money (social class)
ordeal
a method of determining guilt involving divine intervention. It was believed the innocent would not be allowed to be harmed, so they made them hold red-hot iron
bishopric
the area ruled by a bishop; the churches he had
pope
Bishops of Rome, known as Peter’s successors, the first bishop
monk
separates himself from society to pursue complete dedication to God
monasticism
the practice of living the life of a monk
missionary
person sent out to carry a religious message
nun
women monks
abbess
head of the nuns, bishop types usually royal
Clovis
Established the Frankish kingdom, strong military leader, became first Germanic ruler to convert to Christianity around 510 he held the Pyrenees and France
Gregory I
Gregory the Great, strong pope from 590-604 leader of Rome and strengthened power of the papacy & Roman Catholic Church, political power, converted people, monk like
Saint Benedict
Established the basic form of monasticism in the Church, from rounding monks together. Monks did physical labor and prayed
Pepin
One of the mayors the Frankish kingdom fell into 600-700s took throne for himself & family, fathered Charlemagne
The mayors of the palace were chief officers of the king’s household
Charlemagne
Charles the Great, smart guy, good warrior, pious. Greatly expanded Frankish kingdom 768-814, made Carolingian Empire big empire
800 declared Emperor of Romans new civilization rebirth of learning
scriptoria
writing rooms where under Charlemagne monks copied literature & bible
Visigoths
ancient people that lived in Spain and Italy then just Spain
Ostrogoths
Took control of Italy in 400s 500s Western Roman Empire rules
Anglo-Saxons
Roman army went out of Britain, 400s Angles and Saxons settled there. They came from Denmark and northern Germany
feudalism
political & social system formed when nobles began to protect the people because the government couldn’t
vassal
man serving a noble as a knight, in Germanic society knights loyally serve and nobles provide for them
knight
The actual knight was a heavily armored soldier, in 700s stronger horses were found and they dominated Europe
fief
area of land given to a vassal by a noble. Vassals were responsible for it politically, thus changing the government
feudal contract
the relationship of honor between lord and vassal. The vassal might finance personal occasions of the lord, as well as means of protection, was to serve 40 days a year military
tournament
contests where knights could show off, young knights had nothing to do
chivalry
a code of civil behavior developed on part of the church, series of ethics
Magyars
one of the invaders, came from western Asia, settled in Hungary and then invaded western Europe
Vikings
Northern guys, Norse men of Scandinavia. Germanic. Loved to adventure and war and search for trade, they were warriors and typically invaded. Good sailors, best ships.
Normandy was a part of France vikings were allowed and converted so they would become part of European civilization
Eleanor of Aquitaine
Heiress in sw France married Duke Henry of Normandy who became King Henry II. Had troubled relationships with husbands and spent time away in Aquitaine, two sons became kings.
What was the significance of Clovis’s conversion to Christianity?
It gave him recognition by the Roman Catholic Church and the Church’s first introduction to power as he was a strong leader.
It was also the first instance of this happening.
What was the role of the Catholic Church in the growth of the new European civilization? (when monks & Benedict…)
The Catholic Church provided a moral code and monks helped build societies. Missionaries would deliver basic education.
What was the importance of the missi dominici?
They served as representatives so Charlemagne could more easily maintain his order and keep an eye on what was going on
What factors helped the Vikings to successfully invade Europe?
They desired to pillage and were good at it, they were skilled enough to sail the rivers and attack inland and were excellent warriors and sailors.
Why was land the most important gift a lord could give a vassal?
Land was the primary source of income. Also it was expensive to own horses armor and weapons. With land a vassal could support his family and properly serve his lord.
What are three features of chivalry?
Knights were expected to treat captives as honored guests, fight for glory and not material reward, and swore to defend the Church and defenseless people.
To whom were aristocratic women subject?
Men. Fathers, brothers, husbands.
