Chapter 9 pt 1

Question 1

wergild

Answer 1

a fine used to avoid bloodshed in the personal Germanic Law, it is a fee paid by a wrongdoer to the family of a person they hurt. It was the value of the person in money (social class)

Question 2

ordeal

Answer 2

a method of determining guilt involving divine intervention. It was believed the innocent would not be allowed to be harmed, so they made them hold red-hot iron

Question 3

bishopric

Answer 3

the area ruled by a bishop; the churches he had

Question 4

pope

Answer 4

Bishops of Rome, known as Peter’s successors, the first bishop

Question 5

monk

Answer 5

separates himself from society to pursue complete dedication to God

Question 6

monasticism

Answer 6

the practice of living the life of a monk

Question 7

missionary

Answer 7

person sent out to carry a religious message

Question 8

nun

Answer 8

women monks

Question 9

abbess

Answer 9

head of the nuns, bishop types usually royal

Question 10

Clovis

Answer 10

Established the Frankish kingdom, strong military leader, became first Germanic ruler to convert to Christianity around 510 he held the Pyrenees and France

Question 11

Gregory I

Answer 11

Gregory the Great, strong pope from 590-604 leader of Rome and strengthened power of the papacy & Roman Catholic Church, political power, converted people, monk like

Question 12

Saint Benedict

Answer 12

Established the basic form of monasticism in the Church, from rounding monks together. Monks did physical labor and prayed

Question 13

Pepin

Answer 13

One of the mayors the Frankish kingdom fell into 600-700s took throne for himself & family, fathered Charlemagne

The mayors of the palace were chief officers of the king’s household

Question 14

Charlemagne

Answer 14

Charles the Great, smart guy, good warrior, pious. Greatly expanded Frankish kingdom 768-814, made Carolingian Empire big empire

800 declared Emperor of Romans new civilization rebirth of learning

Question 15

scriptoria

Answer 15

writing rooms where under Charlemagne monks copied literature & bible

Question 16

Visigoths

Answer 16

ancient people that lived in Spain and Italy then just Spain

Question 17

Ostrogoths

Answer 17

Took control of Italy in 400s 500s Western Roman Empire rules

Question 18

Anglo-Saxons

Answer 18

Roman army went out of Britain, 400s Angles and Saxons settled there. They came from Denmark and northern Germany

Question 19

feudalism

Answer 19

political & social system formed when nobles began to protect the people because the government couldn’t

Question 20

vassal

Answer 20

man serving a noble as a knight, in Germanic society knights loyally serve and nobles provide for them

Question 21

knight

Answer 21

The actual knight was a heavily armored soldier, in 700s stronger horses were found and they dominated Europe

Question 22

fief

Answer 22

area of land given to a vassal by a noble. Vassals were responsible for it politically, thus changing the government

Question 23

feudal contract

Answer 23

the relationship of honor between lord and vassal. The vassal might finance personal occasions of the lord, as well as means of protection, was to serve 40 days a year military

Question 24

tournament

Answer 24

contests where knights could show off, young knights had nothing to do

Question 25

chivalry

Answer 25

a code of civil behavior developed on part of the church, series of ethics

Question 26

Magyars

Answer 26

one of the invaders, came from western Asia, settled in Hungary and then invaded western Europe

Question 27

Vikings

Answer 27

Northern guys, Norse men of Scandinavia. Germanic. Loved to adventure and war and search for trade, they were warriors and typically invaded. Good sailors, best ships.

Normandy was a part of France vikings were allowed and converted so they would become part of European civilization

Question 28

Eleanor of Aquitaine

Answer 28

Heiress in sw France married Duke Henry of Normandy who became King Henry II. Had troubled relationships with husbands and spent time away in Aquitaine, two sons became kings.

Question 29

What was the significance of Clovis’s conversion to Christianity?

Answer 29

It gave him recognition by the Roman Catholic Church and the Church’s first introduction to power as he was a strong leader.

It was also the first instance of this happening.

Question 30

What was the role of the Catholic Church in the growth of the new European civilization? (when monks & Benedict…)

Answer 30

The Catholic Church provided a moral code and monks helped build societies. Missionaries would deliver basic education.

Question 31

What was the importance of the missi dominici?

Answer 31

They served as representatives so Charlemagne could more easily maintain his order and keep an eye on what was going on

Question 32

What factors helped the Vikings to successfully invade Europe?

Answer 32

They desired to pillage and were good at it, they were skilled enough to sail the rivers and attack inland and were excellent warriors and sailors.

Question 33

Why was land the most important gift a lord could give a vassal?

Answer 33

Land was the primary source of income. Also it was expensive to own horses armor and weapons. With land a vassal could support his family and properly serve his lord.

Question 34

What are three features of chivalry?

Answer 34

Knights were expected to treat captives as honored guests, fight for glory and not material reward, and swore to defend the Church and defenseless people.

Question 35

To whom were aristocratic women subject?

Answer 35

Men. Fathers, brothers, husbands.