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Medical Terminology > Chapter 9 Part 2: Nervous System > Flashcards

Chapter 9 Part 2: Nervous System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Cephal/o

A

head

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2
Q

cerebr/o

A

cerebrum

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3
Q

encephal/o

A

brain

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4
Q

gli/o

A

glue; neuroglial tissue

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5
Q

mening/o

meningi/o

A

meninges (membranes covering the brain and spinal cord)

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6
Q

myel/o

A

bone marrow; spinal cord

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7
Q

neur/o

A

nerve

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8
Q

-paresis

A

partial paralysis

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9
Q

-phasia

A

speech

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10
Q

-plegia

A

paralysis

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11
Q

CNS

A

central nervous system. Consists fo the brain and spinal cord and is the control center of the body.

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12
Q

PNS

A

peripheral nervous system. Consists of peripheral nerves, which include the cranial nerves, and the spinal nerves.

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13
Q

Neurons

A

the basic structural and functional units of the nervous system. Specialized to respond to physical and chemical stimuli.

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14
Q

Neuroglia

A

do not carry impulses, but perform the functions of support and protection. They protect the CNS from disease by engulfing invading microbes and clearing away debris.

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15
Q

cerebrum

A

the largest and uppermost portion of the brain.

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16
Q

The more rudimentary processes are regulated by the brainstem which consists of (3):

A

the midbrain,
the pons,
the medulla

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17
Q

cerebellum

A

attached to the brainstem which plays a role in equilibrium, posture, and muscualr coordination.

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18
Q

C1-C8

A

eight pairs of cervical nerves (located in the neck)

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19
Q

T1-T12

A

12 pairs of throacic nerves (located along the upperback to midback)

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20
Q

L1-L5

A

five pairs of lumbar nerves (located along the midback to lowerback)

21
Q

S1-S5

A

5 pairs of sarcal nerves (located near the top of the butt)

22
Q

Co1

A

one pair of coccygeal nerves (located at the tailbone)

23
Q

epidural space

A

the space between the pia mater and the bones of the spinal cord

24
Q

Nerve blocks

A

Nerve numbing substance that treats pain and help manage other nerve disorders.

25
Q

embolus

A

a clot present in a blood vessel or lymphatic vessel and brought there by blood or lymph

26
Q

thrombus

A

a clot that adheres to the wall of a blood vessel or organ

27
Q

ADH

A

antidiuretic hormone

28
Q

LH

A

luteinizing hormone

29
Q

TSH

A

thyroid-stimulating hormone

30
Q

CSF

A

cerebrospinal fluid

31
Q

CVA

A

cerebrovascular accident;

costovertebral angle

32
Q

EEG

A

electroencephalography

33
Q

LP

A

lumbar puncture

34
Q

Addison disease

A

Hyposecretion of cortisol that results when the adreanl cortex is damaged or atrophied

35
Q

Type 1 diabetes

A

form of diabetes mellitus that is abrupt in onset and is caused by the failure of the pancreas to produce insulin. (usually diagnosed in children and young adults)

36
Q

Type 2 diabetes

A

form of diabetes mellitus that is gradual in onset and results from the body’s deficiency in producing enough insulin or resistance to the action of insulin by the body’s cells. (ussually diagnosed in adults older than 40, most common form of diabetes)

37
Q

cushing disease

A

cushing syndrome caused by excessive production of adrenocorticotropic hormone

38
Q

Exophthalmos

A

abnormal anterior protrusion of the eyeballs

39
Q

Graves disease

A

hyperthyroidism caused by an autoimmune destruction of the thyroid gland

40
Q

Myxedema

A

the clinical and metabolic manifestations of hypothyroidism in adults, adolescents and children

41
Q

Alzheimer disease

A

chronic, organic mental disorder that is a progressive form of presenile dementia caused by atrophy of the frontal and occipital lobes of the brain

42
Q

Epilepsy

A

neurological disorder in which the nerve cell activity in the brain is disturbed, causing a seizure, including loss of consciousness

43
Q

Huntington chorea

A

hereditary nervous disorder caused by the progressive loss of brain cells, leading to bizarre, involuntary, dancelike movements.

44
Q

Multiple sclerosis (MS)

A

progressive degenerative disease of the CNS characterized by inflammation, hardening, and loss of myelin throughout the spinal cord and brain, which produces weakness and other muscle symptoms.

45
Q

Parkinson disease

A

progressive, degenerative neurological disorder affecting the protion of the brain responsible for controlling movement

46
Q

plasy

A

partial or complete loss of motor function

47
Q

shingles

A

eruption of acute, inflammatory, herpetic vesicles on the trunk of the body along a peripheral nerve that is caused by herpes zoster virus

48
Q

Spina bifida

A

congenital neural tube defect characterized by incomplete closure of the spinal canal; the spinal cord and meninges may or may not protude through the defect

Medical Terminology (7 decks)

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