Chapter 9 Part 2: Nervous System

Question 1

Cephal/o

Answer 1

head

Question 2

cerebr/o

Answer 2

cerebrum

Question 3

encephal/o

Answer 3

brain

Question 4

gli/o

Answer 4

glue; neuroglial tissue

Question 5

mening/o

meningi/o

Answer 5

meninges (membranes covering the brain and spinal cord)

Question 6

myel/o

Answer 6

bone marrow; spinal cord

Question 7

neur/o

Answer 7

nerve

Question 8

-paresis

Answer 8

partial paralysis

Question 9

-phasia

Answer 9

speech

Question 10

-plegia

Answer 10

paralysis

Question 11

CNS

Answer 11

central nervous system. Consists fo the brain and spinal cord and is the control center of the body.

Question 12

PNS

Answer 12

peripheral nervous system. Consists of peripheral nerves, which include the cranial nerves, and the spinal nerves.

Question 13

Neurons

Answer 13

the basic structural and functional units of the nervous system. Specialized to respond to physical and chemical stimuli.

Question 14

Neuroglia

Answer 14

do not carry impulses, but perform the functions of support and protection. They protect the CNS from disease by engulfing invading microbes and clearing away debris.

Question 15

cerebrum

Answer 15

the largest and uppermost portion of the brain.

Question 16

The more rudimentary processes are regulated by the brainstem which consists of (3):

Answer 16

the midbrain,
the pons,
the medulla

Question 17

cerebellum

Answer 17

attached to the brainstem which plays a role in equilibrium, posture, and muscualr coordination.

Question 18

C1-C8

Answer 18

eight pairs of cervical nerves (located in the neck)

Question 19

T1-T12

Answer 19

12 pairs of throacic nerves (located along the upperback to midback)

Question 20

L1-L5

Answer 20

five pairs of lumbar nerves (located along the midback to lowerback)

Question 21

S1-S5

Answer 21

5 pairs of sarcal nerves (located near the top of the butt)

Question 22

Co1

Answer 22

one pair of coccygeal nerves (located at the tailbone)

Question 23

epidural space

Answer 23

the space between the pia mater and the bones of the spinal cord

Question 24

Nerve blocks

Answer 24

Nerve numbing substance that treats pain and help manage other nerve disorders.

Question 25

embolus

Answer 25

a clot present in a blood vessel or lymphatic vessel and brought there by blood or lymph

Question 26

thrombus

Answer 26

a clot that adheres to the wall of a blood vessel or organ

Question 27

ADH

Answer 27

antidiuretic hormone

Question 28

LH

Answer 28

luteinizing hormone

Question 29

TSH

Answer 29

thyroid-stimulating hormone

Question 30

CSF

Answer 30

cerebrospinal fluid

Question 31

CVA

Answer 31

cerebrovascular accident; | costovertebral angle

Question 32

EEG

Answer 32

electroencephalography

Question 33

LP

Answer 33

lumbar puncture

Question 34

Addison disease

Answer 34

Hyposecretion of cortisol that results when the adreanl cortex is damaged or atrophied

Question 35

Type 1 diabetes

Answer 35

form of diabetes mellitus that is abrupt in onset and is caused by the failure of the pancreas to produce insulin. (usually diagnosed in children and young adults)

Question 36

Type 2 diabetes

Answer 36

form of diabetes mellitus that is gradual in onset and results from the body's deficiency in producing enough insulin or resistance to the action of insulin by the body's cells. (ussually diagnosed in adults older than 40, most common form of diabetes)

Question 37

cushing disease

Answer 37

cushing syndrome caused by excessive production of adrenocorticotropic hormone

Question 38

Exophthalmos

Answer 38

abnormal anterior protrusion of the eyeballs

Question 39

Graves disease

Answer 39

hyperthyroidism caused by an autoimmune destruction of the thyroid gland

Question 40

Myxedema

Answer 40

the clinical and metabolic manifestations of hypothyroidism in adults, adolescents and children

Question 41

Alzheimer disease

Answer 41

chronic, organic mental disorder that is a progressive form of presenile dementia caused by atrophy of the frontal and occipital lobes of the brain

Question 42

Epilepsy

Answer 42

neurological disorder in which the nerve cell activity in the brain is disturbed, causing a seizure, including loss of consciousness

Question 43

Huntington chorea

Answer 43

hereditary nervous disorder caused by the progressive loss of brain cells, leading to bizarre, involuntary, dancelike movements.

Question 44

Multiple sclerosis (MS)

Answer 44

progressive degenerative disease of the CNS characterized by inflammation, hardening, and loss of myelin throughout the spinal cord and brain, which produces weakness and other muscle symptoms.

Question 45

Parkinson disease

Answer 45

progressive, degenerative neurological disorder affecting the protion of the brain responsible for controlling movement

Question 46

plasy

Answer 46

partial or complete loss of motor function

Question 47

shingles

Answer 47

eruption of acute, inflammatory, herpetic vesicles on the trunk of the body along a peripheral nerve that is caused by herpes zoster virus

Question 48

Spina bifida

Answer 48

congenital neural tube defect characterized by incomplete closure of the spinal canal; the spinal cord and meninges may or may not protude through the defect