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Medical Terminology > Chapter 6: Digestive System > Flashcards

Chapter 6: Digestive System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

odont/o

A

teeth

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2
Q

dnet/o

A

teeth

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3
Q

gloss/o

A

tongue

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4
Q

gingiv/o

A

gum(s)

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5
Q

or/o

A

mouth

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6
Q

lingu/o

A

tongue

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7
Q

ptyla/o

A

saliva

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8
Q

stomar/o

A

mouth

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9
Q

esophag/o

A

esophagus

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10
Q

sial/o

A

saliva, salivary gland

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11
Q

gastr/o

A

stomach

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12
Q

pharyng/o

A

pharynx (throat)

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13
Q

-algia

A

pain

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14
Q

pylor/o

A

pylorus

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15
Q

-emeiss

A

vomiting

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16
Q

-orexia

A

appetite

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17
Q

-megaly

A

enlargment

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18
Q

-phagia

A

swallowing, eating

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19
Q

-pepsia

A

digestion

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20
Q

maxill/o

A

jaw

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21
Q

-rrhea

A

flow, discharge

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22
Q

pain in the mouth

A

stomatodynia,

stomatalgia

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23
Q

stomatitis

A

inflammation fo the mouth

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24
Q

gastrologist

A

specialist who treats stomach disorders

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25
Q

sialitis

A

inflammation of a salivary gland

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26
Q

enterologist

A

specialist who treats intestinal disorders

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27
Q

specialist who treats stomach and itestinal disorders

A

gastroenterologist

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28
Q

BM

A

Bowel movement

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29
Q

FBS

A

Fasting bowel sugar

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30
Q

Dx

A

diagnosis

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31
Q

GI

A

gastrointestinal

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32
Q

toothache (medial term)

A

odontodynia, or

odontalgia

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33
Q

periodontitis

A

inflammation around the teeth

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34
Q

inflammation fo the gums

A

gingivitis

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35
Q

pain in the throat

A

pharyngodynia, or

pharynalgia

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36
Q

pharyngitits

A

inflammation of the throat

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37
Q

chyme

A

gastric juices in the stomach coupled wiht mechanical churning turn the bolus itno a semi-liquid mass called: chyme

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38
Q

PUD

A

peptic ulcer disease

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39
Q

coordinated, rhythmic muscle contractions that push food through the GI tract is called?

A

peristalsis

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40
Q

duodenal ulcers

A

peptic ulcers that occur in the small intestine

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41
Q

peptic ulcers that occur in the esophagus

A

esophageal ulcers

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42
Q

peptic ulcers that occur in the stomach

A

gastric ulcers

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43
Q

carcin/o

A

cancer

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44
Q

CA

A

cancer

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45
Q

carcinoma

A

cancerous tumor

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46
Q

hematemesis

A

vomiting blood

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47
Q

dyspepsia

A

painful or difficult digestion, and is a form of gastric indigestion

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48
Q

duoden/o

A

duodenum (first part of the small intestine)

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49
Q

enter/o

A

intestine (usually the small intestine)

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50
Q

jejun/o

A

jejunum (second part of the small intestine)

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51
Q

ile/o

A

ileum (third part of the small intestine)

52
Q

append/o

A

appendix

53
Q

appendic/o

A

appendix

54
Q

col/o

A

colon

55
Q

colon/o

A

colon

56
Q

proct/o

A

anus, rectum

57
Q

rect/o

A

rectum

58
Q

sigmoid/o

A

sigmoid colon

59
Q

gastroduodenostomy

A

formation of an opening between the stomach and duodenum

60
Q

formation of an opening between the stomach and ileum

A

gastroileostomy

61
Q

creation of a passage between the stomach and some part of the small intestine

A

gastroenteroanastomosis, or

gastroenterostomy

62
Q

Chron disease

A

chronic inflammation of the ileum

63
Q

elimination of waste products from the colon is possible because of the wave like contractions knonw as:

A

peristalsis

64
Q

ectomy

A

excision, removal

65
Q

al

A

pertaining to

66
Q

tomy

A

incision, cut into

67
Q

stomy

A

forming an opening

68
Q

pathy

A

disease

69
Q

centesis

A

puncture

70
Q

cele

A

hernia, swelling

71
Q

rrhaphy

A

suture

72
Q

lith

A

stone, calculus

73
Q

ole

A

small

74
Q

gram

A

record

75
Q

tome

A

instrument to cut

76
Q

larynx

A

voice box

77
Q

esophagus

A

tube to the stomach

78
Q

trachea

A

windpipe

79
Q

hyper

A

excessive

80
Q

dys

A

bad, painful or difficult

81
Q

3 parts of the colon

A

ascending
transverse
descending

82
Q

hepat/o

A

liver

83
Q

cholecyst/o

A

gallbladder

84
Q

pancreat/o

A

pancreas

85
Q

chol

A

bile, gall

86
Q

EDG

A

Esophagogastroduodenoscopy

87
Q

The S-shaped part of the colon that extends from the descending colon into the rectum

A

Sigmoid colonz

88
Q

Dia

A

Through, across

89
Q

Pyloric stenosis

A

The disorder in which food is blocked from entering the small intestine

90
Q

Colonoscopy

A

A visual examination of the entire length of the colon

91
Q

Sigmoidoscopy

A

A visual examination of only the lower third of the colon

92
Q

Cholangi/o

A

Bike vessel

93
Q

Chol/e

A

Bile, gall

94
Q

Choledoch/o

A

Bile duct

95
Q

-iasis

A

Abnormal condition (produced by something specified)

96
Q

-prandial

A

Meal

97
Q

Inflammation of the liver

A

Hepatitis

98
Q

Inflammation of the gallbladder

A

Cholecystitis

99
Q

Medical name for gallstones

A

Cholelith

100
Q

Jaundice

A

A yellowish discoloration of the skin and whites of the eyes due to abnormally high levels of bilirubin in blood

101
Q

Cholangioma

A

A tumor in the Bile vessel

102
Q

Abnormal or diseased condition of pancreatic stones

A

Pancreatolithiasis

103
Q

Cholelithiasis

A

Abnormal or diseased condition of gallstones

104
Q

Laparoscopic

A

Pertaining to visual examination of the abdomen

105
Q

Study of poisons

A

Toxicology

106
Q

Toxic/o

A

Poison

107
Q

Tox/o

A

Poison

108
Q

Ascites

A

Abnormal accumulation of serous fluid in the peritoneal cavity

109
Q

Borborygmus

A

Gurgling or rumbling sound heard over the large intestine caused by gas moving through the intestines

110
Q

Cirrhosis

A

Chronic liver disease characterized by destruction of liver cells that eventually leads to ineffective liver function and jaundice

111
Q

Disorder that damages the lining of the small intestine in response to gluten ingestion

A

Celiac disease

112
Q

IBD

A

Inflammatory bowel disease

113
Q

Diverticular disease

A

Condition in which bulging pouches (diverticula) in the gastrointestianl (GI) tract push the mucoasl lining through the surrounding muscle

114
Q

Dysentery

A

Inflammation of the intestine, especially the colon, which may be caused by chemical irritants, bacteria, protozoa, or parasites

115
Q

Abnormal passage from one organ to another or form a hollow organ to the surface

A

Fistula

116
Q

Gastroesophageal refulx disease (GERD)

A

backflow (reflux) of gastric contents into the esophagus caused by malfunction of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES)

117
Q

Hemorrhoid

A

mass of enlarged, twisted varicose veins in the mucous membrane inside (internal) or just outside (external) the rectum

118
Q

Hernia

A

protrusion or projection of an organ or a part of an organ through the wall of the cavity that normally contains it

119
Q

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)

A

ulceration of the colon mucosa

120
Q

Condition characterized by gastrointestinal signs and symptoms, including constipation, diarrhes, gas, and bloating, all in the absence of organic pathology; also called spastic colon

A

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)

121
Q

Peritonitis

A

Bacterial or fungal infection of the peritoneum tha can result from any rupture (perforation) in the abdomen or as a complication of other medical conditions

122
Q

Polyp

A

small, stalklike growth that resembles a mushroom and protrudes upward or outward from a mucous membrane surface

123
Q

Barium enema (BE)

A

Radiographic examination of the rectum and colon after administration of barium into the rectum

124
Q

stool guaiac

A

lab test performed on feces to detect the presence of blood in the stool

125
Q

bariatric surgery

A

group of procedures that treat morbid obesity

126
Q

lithotripsy

A

procedure for eliminating a stone within the gallbladder or urinary system by crushing the stone surgically or using a noninvasive method.

127
Q

cholecystectomy

A

term for removal of the gallbladder

Medical Terminology (7 decks)

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