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Medical Terminology > Chapter 10: Musculoskeletal System > Flashcards

Chapter 10: Musculoskeletal System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

fasci/o

A

band, fascia (fibrous membrane supporting and separating muscles)

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2
Q

fibr/o

A

fiber, fibrous tissue

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3
Q

leiomy/o

A

smooth muscle (viceral)

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4
Q

lumb/o

A

loins (lower back)

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5
Q

muscul/o

A

muscle

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6
Q

my/o

A

muscle

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7
Q

ten/o

A

tendon

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8
Q

tend/o

A

tendon

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9
Q

tendin/o

A

tendon

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10
Q

-algi

A

pain

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11
Q

-asthenia

A

weakness, debility

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12
Q

-pathy

A

disease

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13
Q

-plegia

A

paralysis

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14
Q

-rrhaphy

A

suture

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15
Q

-sarcoma

A

malignant tumor of connective tissue

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16
Q

carp/o

A

carpus (wrist bones)

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17
Q

cervic/o

A

neck; cervix uteri (neck of the uterus)

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18
Q

cost/o

A

ribs

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19
Q

crani/o

A

cranium (skull)

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20
Q

humer/o

A

humerus (upper arm bone)

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21
Q

metacarp/o

A

metacarpus (hand bones)

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22
Q

phalang/o

A

phalanges (bones of the fingers and toes)

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23
Q

spondyl/o

A

vertebra (backbone) [used to form words about the condition of a structure]

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24
Q

vertebr/o

A

vertebra (backbone) [used to form words that describe a structure]

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25
Q

stern/o

A

sternum (breastbone)

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26
Q

calcane/o

A

calcaneum (heel bone)

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27
Q

femor/o

A

femur (thigh bone)

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28
Q

fibul/o

A

fibula (smaller, outer bone of the lower leg)

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29
Q

patell/o

A

patella (kneecap)

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30
Q

pelv/i

A

pelvis

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31
Q

pelv/o

A

pelvis

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32
Q

radi/o

A

radiation, x-ray; radius (lower arm bone on the thumb side)

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33
Q

tibi/o

A

tibia (larger bone of the lower leg)

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34
Q

ankyl/o

A

stiffness; bent, crooked

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35
Q

arthr/o

A

joint

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36
Q

chondr/o

A

cartilage

37
Q

lamin/o

A

lamina (part of the vertebral arch)

38
Q

myel/o

A

bone marrow; spinal cord

39
Q

orth/o

A

straight

40
Q

oste/o

A

bone

41
Q

-clast

A

to break; surgical fracture

42
Q

-cyte

A

cell

43
Q

-desis

A

binding, fixation (of a bone or joint)

44
Q

-malacia

A

softening

45
Q

-physis

A

growth

46
Q

-porosis

A

porous

47
Q

peri

A

around

48
Q

distal

A

away from point of reference

49
Q

proximal

A

toward point of reference

50
Q

the 2 ends of bones are called

A

distal epiphysis,

proximal epiphysis

51
Q

osteomalacia

A

softening of bones

52
Q

osteomalacia that occurs in children is called:

A

rickets

53
Q

synarthroses

A

totally immovable joints

54
Q

diarthroses

A

freely movable joints

55
Q

slightly movable joints

A

amphiarthroses

56
Q

the surgical procedure to replace a hip joint that has been destroyed by disease or osteoarthritis is known as:

A

total hip arthroplasty or THR

57
Q

closed fracture

A

the bone is broken without causing an open wound, and surrounding tissue damage is minimal

58
Q

open fracture

A

also called a compound fracture, means the broken end of a bone pierces the skin, creating an open wound.

59
Q

greenstick fracture

A

an incomplete break fo a soft bone and means that the bone is partially bent and partially broken (usually occur in children)

60
Q

comminuted fracture

A

occurs when the bone is broken into pieces

61
Q

impacted fracture

A

the broken ends of a bone are forced into one another; many bone fragments may be created by such a fracture

62
Q

complicated fracture

A

involves extensive soft tissue injury, such as when a broken rib pierces a lung

63
Q

Colles fracture

A

a break of the lower end of the radius, which occurs just above the wrist. Causes displacement of the hand, and usually occurs as a result of flexing a hand to cushion a fall.

64
Q

incomplete fracture

A

when the lines of fracture does not inculde the whole bone.

65
Q

cervical vertebrae

A

(7) form teh skeletal framework of the neck.

66
Q

atlas

A

the first cervical vertebra, supports the skull

67
Q

axis

A

(4) enables the skull to rotate on the neck

68
Q

thoratic vertebrae

A

(12) support the chest and serve as a point of articulation (joining together to allow motion between parts) for the ribs

69
Q

lumbar vertebrae

A

(6) situated in the lower back and carry most of the weight of the torso.

70
Q

sacral vertebrae

A

(5) below the lumbar vertebrae that are fused into a single bone called the sacrum during adulthood

71
Q

coccyx

A

the tail of the vertebral column

72
Q

AP

A

anteroposterior (front to back)

73
Q

Fx

A

fracture

74
Q

RA

A

rheumatoid arthritis

75
Q

muscular dystrophy

A

group of hereditary diseases characterized by gradual atrophy and weakness of muscle tissue

76
Q

myasthenia gravis (MG)

A

autoimmune neuromuscular disorder characterized by severe muscular weakness and progressive fatigue

77
Q

sprain

A

trauma to a joint that causes injury to the surrounding ligament, accompanied by pain and disability

78
Q

strain

A

trauma to a muscle from overuse or excessive forcible stretch in which great toe is angled laterally toward the other toes.

79
Q

torticollis

A

spasmodic contraction of the neck muscles, causing stiffness and twisting of the neck

80
Q

bunion

A

deformity characterized by lateral deviation fo the great toe as it turns in toward the second toe

81
Q

carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS)

A

pain or numbness resulting from compression of the median nerve within the carpal tunnel

82
Q

Ewing sarcoma

A

malignant tumor that develops from bone marrow, usually in the long bones or the pelvis

83
Q

gout

A

hereditary metabolic disease that is a form fo acute arthritis, characterized by excessive uric acid in blood and around the joints

84
Q

Paget disease

A

skeletal disease that affects older people and causes chronic inflammation of bones, resulting in thickening and softening of bones and bowing of the long bones

85
Q

rheumatoid arthritis (RA)

A

chronic, systemic, inflammatory disease affecting the cynovial membranes of multiple joints, eventually resulting in crippling deformities

86
Q

kyphosis

A

increased curvature of the thoratic region of the vertebral column, leading to a humpback posture

87
Q

lordosis

A

forward curvature of the lumbar region of the vertebral column, leading to a sway-back posture

88
Q

scoliosis

A

abnormal sideward curvature of the spine to the left or right

89
Q

malacia

A

vitamine defieiency that results in softening and weakening of the skeleton

Medical Terminology (7 decks)

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