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Medical Terminology > Chapter 9 Part 1: Endocrine > Flashcards

Chapter 9 Part 1: Endocrine Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

aden/o

A

gland

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2
Q

adren/o

A

gland

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3
Q

adreanl/o

A

adrenal glands

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4
Q

calc/o

A

calcium

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5
Q

gluc/o

A

sugar, sweetness

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6
Q

glyc/o

A

sugar, sweetness

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7
Q

pancreat/o

A

pancreas

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8
Q

parathyroid/o

A

parathyroid glands

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9
Q

pituitar/o

A

pituitary gland

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10
Q

thym/o

A

thymus gland

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11
Q

thyr/o

A

thyroid gland

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12
Q

thyroid/o

A

thyroid gland

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13
Q

toxic/o

A

poison

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14
Q

-dipsia

A

thirst

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15
Q

-trophy

A

development, nourishment

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16
Q

anterior

A

front

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17
Q

posterior

A

back

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18
Q

radi/o

A

x-ray

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19
Q

AP

A

front to back

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20
Q

PA

A

back to front

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21
Q

para

A

around

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22
Q

hyper

A

excessive

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23
Q

hypo

A

deficiency

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24
Q

supra

A

above

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25
Q

superior

A

above

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26
Q

gen

A

producing, forming

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27
Q

dwarf

A

abnormally short/undersized

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28
Q

giant

A

abnormally tall/oversized

29
Q

-lysis

A

destruction, separation, loosening

30
Q

hypersecreation

A

overproduction, excessive secreation

31
Q

hyposecreation

A

underproduction, deficient secreation

32
Q

4 key characteristics of hormones

A
  1. chemical substances produced by specialized cells of the body
  2. released slowly in minute amounts directly into the bloodstream
  3. prodcued primarily by the endocrine glands
  4. almost all inactivated or excreted by the liver and kidneys
33
Q

pituitary gland

A

pea shaped organ below the brain. One of the most important endocrine glands.

34
Q

neurohypophysis

A

posterior lobe of the pituitary gland, composed primarily of nervous tissue

35
Q

adenohypophysis

A

anterior lobe of the pituitary gland, composed primarily of grandular tissue

36
Q

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

A

adrenal cortex - promotes secreations of cortisol

37
Q

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

A

Ovaries in females - stimulates egg production, increases secreation of estrogen
Testes in males - stimulates sperm production

38
Q

Growth hormone (GH)

A

bone, cartilage, liver, muscle, and other tissues - stimulates somatic growth (body growth)

39
Q

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

A

ovaries in females - promotes ovulation; stimulates production of estrogen and progestrone
testes in males - promotes secreation of testosterone

40
Q

Prolactin

A

breast - promotes lactation in conjunction wiht other hormones

41
Q

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

A

thyroid gland - stimulates secreation of thyroid hormone

42
Q

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

A

Kidney - increases water reabsorption (water returns to blood)

43
Q

Oxytocin

A

Uterus - stimulates uterine contractions; initiates labor

Breast - promotes milk secreation from the mammary glands

44
Q

acr/o

A

extremity

45
Q

arcomegaly

A

enlargment of the extremities

46
Q

Thyroid gland

A

located on the front and sieds of the trachea

47
Q

Calcitonin

A
  • regulates calcium levels in blood in conjunction with parathyroid hormone
  • secreated to maintain homeostasis when calcium levels in blood are high
48
Q

Thyroxine

A
  • increased energy production from all food types

- increased rate of protein synthesis

49
Q

enlargment of the thyroid gland

A

goiter

50
Q

clacemia

A

abnormal presence of calcium in the blood

51
Q

parathyroid glands

A

located on the posterior surface of the thyroid gland

52
Q

The horomone produced by the parathyroid gland is called

A

parathyroid horomone (PTH)

53
Q

hyperparathyroidism

A

abnormal condition characterized by hypersecreation of PTH

54
Q

Target organs and functions of PTH

A
  • bones - increased reabsorption of calcium and phosphate from bone to blood
  • Kidneys - increased calcium absorption and phosphate excretion
  • Small intestine - increased absorption of calcium and phosphate
55
Q

adrenal glands

A

(suprarenal glands), are paired structures located superior to the kidneys.

56
Q

epinephrine

A

(adrenaline) increases heart rate, dilates bronchial tubes, increases conversion of glycogen to glucose, and increases use of fats for energy

57
Q

norepinephrine

A

raises blood pressure and constricts vessels

58
Q

Flight response

A

dominates in relaxed (non stressed) situations to promote normal functioning of several organs systems

59
Q

Fight response

A

dominates in stressful situations which incule: anger, fear or anxiety as well as exercise (epinephrine)

60
Q

the organ located posterior to the stomach

A

pancreas

61
Q

the hormone-producing cells of the pancreas are called _

A

islets of Langerhans

62
Q

the 2 hormones produced by the islets

A

alpha cells, which produce glucagons

beta cells, which produce insulin

63
Q

Glucagon

A

increases blood sugar by converting glycogen to glucose

64
Q

insulin

A

lowers blood sugar by promoting the movement of glucose into the cells to be stored as glycogen

65
Q

Diabetes Melitus is characterized by: (3)

A
  1. polydipsia (excessive thirst)
  2. polyuria (excessive urination)
  3. polyphagia (excessive eating)
66
Q

Normal blood sugar

A

70-110

67
Q

hypoglycemia

A

low blood sugar or shock

68
Q

hyperglycemia

A

high blood sugars (over 200)

69
Q

Pineal and Thymus gland

A

Endocrine glands, but little is known about their function.

Medical Terminology (7 decks)

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