Chapter 9 Part 1: Endocrine Flashcards
1
Q
aden/o
A
gland
2
Q
adren/o
A
gland
3
Q
adreanl/o
A
adrenal glands
4
Q
calc/o
A
calcium
5
Q
gluc/o
A
sugar, sweetness
6
Q
glyc/o
A
sugar, sweetness
7
Q
pancreat/o
A
pancreas
8
Q
parathyroid/o
A
parathyroid glands
9
Q
pituitar/o
A
pituitary gland
10
Q
thym/o
A
thymus gland
11
Q
thyr/o
A
thyroid gland
12
Q
thyroid/o
A
thyroid gland
13
Q
toxic/o
A
poison
14
Q
-dipsia
A
thirst
15
Q
-trophy
A
development, nourishment
16
Q
anterior
A
front
17
Q
posterior
A
back
18
Q
radi/o
A
x-ray
19
Q
AP
A
front to back
20
Q
PA
A
back to front
21
Q
para
A
around
22
Q
hyper
A
excessive
23
Q
hypo
A
deficiency
24
Q
supra
A
above
25
superior
above
26
gen
producing, forming
27
dwarf
abnormally short/undersized
28
giant
abnormally tall/oversized
29
-lysis
destruction, separation, loosening
30
hypersecreation
overproduction, excessive secreation
31
hyposecreation
underproduction, deficient secreation
32
4 key characteristics of hormones
1. chemical substances produced by specialized cells of the body
2. released slowly in minute amounts directly into the bloodstream
3. prodcued primarily by the endocrine glands
4. almost all inactivated or excreted by the liver and kidneys
33
pituitary gland
pea shaped organ below the brain. One of the most important endocrine glands.
34
neurohypophysis
posterior lobe of the pituitary gland, composed primarily of nervous tissue
35
adenohypophysis
anterior lobe of the pituitary gland, composed primarily of grandular tissue
36
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
adrenal cortex - promotes secreations of cortisol
37
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
Ovaries in females - stimulates egg production, increases secreation of estrogen
Testes in males - stimulates sperm production
38
Growth hormone (GH)
bone, cartilage, liver, muscle, and other tissues - stimulates somatic growth (body growth)
39
Luteinizing hormone (LH)
ovaries in females - promotes ovulation; stimulates production of estrogen and progestrone
testes in males - promotes secreation of testosterone
40
Prolactin
breast - promotes lactation in conjunction wiht other hormones
41
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
thyroid gland - stimulates secreation of thyroid hormone
42
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Kidney - increases water reabsorption (water returns to blood)
43
Oxytocin
Uterus - stimulates uterine contractions; initiates labor
| Breast - promotes milk secreation from the mammary glands
44
acr/o
extremity
45
arcomegaly
enlargment of the extremities
46
Thyroid gland
located on the front and sieds of the trachea
47
Calcitonin
- regulates calcium levels in blood in conjunction with parathyroid hormone
- secreated to maintain homeostasis when calcium levels in blood are high
48
Thyroxine
- increased energy production from all food types
| - increased rate of protein synthesis
49
enlargment of the thyroid gland
goiter
50
clacemia
abnormal presence of calcium in the blood
51
parathyroid glands
located on the posterior surface of the thyroid gland
52
The horomone produced by the parathyroid gland is called
parathyroid horomone (PTH)
53
hyperparathyroidism
abnormal condition characterized by hypersecreation of PTH
54
Target organs and functions of PTH
- bones - increased reabsorption of calcium and phosphate from bone to blood
- Kidneys - increased calcium absorption and phosphate excretion
- Small intestine - increased absorption of calcium and phosphate
55
adrenal glands
(suprarenal glands), are paired structures located superior to the kidneys.
56
epinephrine
(adrenaline) increases heart rate, dilates bronchial tubes, increases conversion of glycogen to glucose, and increases use of fats for energy
57
norepinephrine
raises blood pressure and constricts vessels
58
Flight response
dominates in relaxed (non stressed) situations to promote normal functioning of several organs systems
59
Fight response
dominates in stressful situations which incule: anger, fear or anxiety as well as exercise (epinephrine)
60
the organ located posterior to the stomach
pancreas
61
the hormone-producing cells of the pancreas are called _
islets of Langerhans
62
the 2 hormones produced by the islets
alpha cells, which produce glucagons
| beta cells, which produce insulin
63
Glucagon
increases blood sugar by converting glycogen to glucose
64
insulin
lowers blood sugar by promoting the movement of glucose into the cells to be stored as glycogen
65
Diabetes Melitus is characterized by: (3)
1. polydipsia (excessive thirst)
2. polyuria (excessive urination)
3. polyphagia (excessive eating)
66
Normal blood sugar
70-110
67
hypoglycemia
low blood sugar or shock
68
hyperglycemia
high blood sugars (over 200)
69
Pineal and Thymus gland
Endocrine glands, but little is known about their function.
