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Medical Terminology > Chapter 9 Part 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 9 Part 2 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

dentine

A

dense, ivory-like substance located under the enamel in a tooth

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2
Q

dentist

A

a qualified practitioner in the anatomy, physiology, and pathology of the oral-facial complex

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3
Q

enamel

A

hard substance covering a tooth

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4
Q

enzyme

A

protein that induces changes in other substances

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5
Q

mouth

A

external opening of a cavity or canal

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6
Q

nasopharynx

A

region of the pharynx at the back of the nose and above the soft palate

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7
Q

oral

A

pertaining to the mouth

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8
Q

palate

A

roof of the mouth

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9
Q

papilla

A

any small projection

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10
Q

parotid

A

the savilary gland beside the ear

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11
Q

pulp

A

the connective tissue in the cavity in the center of the tooth. Latin: flesh

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12
Q

saliva

A

secretin in mouth from salivary glands

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13
Q

sublingual

A

under the tongue

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14
Q

submandibular

A

underneath the mandible

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15
Q

tongue

A

mobile muscle mass in the mouth

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16
Q

uvula

A

fleshy projection of the soft palate. Latin: grape

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17
Q

chyme

A

semifluid, partially digested food passed from the stomach into the duodenum. Greek: juice

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18
Q

duodenum

A

first part of the small intestine, approx. 9 inches in length

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19
Q

gastrin

A

hormone secreted in the stomach, stimulates secretion of HCL, increases gastric motility

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20
Q

hydrochloric acid (HCL)

A

the acid of gastric juice

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21
Q

intrinsic factor

A

produced in the stomach, essential for the absoprtion of vitamin B12

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22
Q

pepsin

A

enzyme produces by the stomach that breaks down protein

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23
Q

pepsinogen

A

converted by HCL in the stomach to pepsin

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24
Q

pylorus

A

exit area of the stomach

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25
Q

pyloric

A

pertaining to the pylorus

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26
Q

bowel

A

another name for intestine. Latin: sauage

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27
Q

diverticulum

A

a pouchlike opening or sac from a tubular structure

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28
Q

diverticulosis

A

presence of a number of small pouches in the wall of the large intestine

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29
Q

diverticulitis

A

inflammation of the diverticula

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30
Q

fissure

A

deep furrow or cleft. Latin: slit

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31
Q

fistula

A

abnormal passage. Latin: pipe, tube

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32
Q

hemorrhoid

A

dilated rectal vein producing painful anal swelling

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33
Q

hemorrhoidectomy

A

surgical removal of hemorrhoids

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34
Q

intussusception

A

the slipping of one bowel inside another, causing abstruction

35
Q

melena

A

the passage of black, tarry stools. Greek: black

36
Q

occult blood

A

blood that cannot be seen in the stool but is positive on a fecal occult blood test. Occult, latin: to hide

37
Q

hemoccult test

A

trade name for a fecal occult test

38
Q

peritoneum

A

membrane that lines the abdominal cavity

39
Q

peritonitus

A

inflammation of the peritoneum

40
Q

polyp

A

mass of tissue that projects into the lumen of the bowel. Latin: foot

41
Q

polyposis

A

presence of several polyps

42
Q

polypectomy

A

excision or removal of a polyp

43
Q

proctitis

A

inflammation of the lining of the rectum

44
Q

proctologist

A

a specialist of the diseases of the anus and rectum

45
Q

asymptomatic

A

without any symptoms or abnormalities experienced by patient

46
Q

dysphagia

A

difficulty swallowing

47
Q

emesis

A

vomit, greek

48
Q

hematemesis

A

vomiting red blood

49
Q

hernia

A

protrustion of a structure through the tissue that normally contains it. Latin: rupture

50
Q

herniorrhaphy

A

repair of a hernia

51
Q

hiatus

A

an opening through a structure. Latin: an aperture

52
Q

postprandial

A

following a meal

53
Q

reflux

A

backward flow

54
Q

sphincter

A

a band of muscle that encircles an opening; when it contracts, the opening is closed

55
Q

varix

A

dialated, twisted vein

56
Q

varicose

A

characterized by or affected with varices

57
Q

anus

A

exit hole of the digestive tract through which feces are discharged. Latin: ring

58
Q

anorectal junction

A

the junction between the anus and rectum

59
Q

appendix

A

small blind projection from the pouch of the cecum

60
Q

appendicitis

A

inflammation of the appendix

61
Q

appendectomy

A

surgical removal of the appendix

62
Q

colon

A

the large intestine extending from the cecum to the rectum

63
Q

colic

A

spasmodic, crampy-like pains in the abdomen

64
Q

colitis

A

inflammation of the colon

65
Q

feces

A

undigested, waste material discharged from the bowel

66
Q

defecation

A

evacuation of feces from rectum and anus

67
Q

flexure

A

a bend in a structure. Latin: bend

68
Q

ileoceal sphincter

A

band of muscle that encircles the junction of the ileum and cecum

69
Q

ileum

A

third portion of the small intestine. Latin: roll up, twist

70
Q

rectum

A

terminal part of the colon from the sigmoid to the anal canal. Latin: straight

71
Q

sigmoid

A

part of the colon shaped like an S. greek letter S

72
Q

cholecystitis

A

inflmmation of the gallbladder

73
Q

cholecyctectomy

A

surgical removal of the gallbladder

74
Q

choledocholithiasis

A

presence of a gallstone in the common bile duct

75
Q

cholelithiasis

A

condition of having bile stones (gallstones)

76
Q

cholelithotomy

A

surgical removal of gallstones

77
Q

endocrine

A

a gland that produces an internal or hormonal substance and secretes it into the bloodstream

78
Q

exocrine

A

a gland that secretes substances outwardly through excretory ducts

79
Q

gallstone

A

hard mass of cholesterol, calcium, and bilirubin that can be formed in the gallbladder and bile duct

80
Q

gallbladder

A

receptacle on the inferior surface of the liver for storing bile

81
Q

glucagon

A

hormone that mobilizes glucose from body storage

82
Q

insulin

A

pancreatic hormone that suppresses blood glusoce levels and transports glucose into cells

83
Q

pancreas

A

lobulated gland, the head of which is tucked into the curve of the duodenum

84
Q

pancreatitis

A

inflammation of the pancreas

Medical Terminology (9 decks)

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