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Medical Terminology > Chapter 12 > Flashcards

Chapter 12 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

antidiuretic

A

an agent that decreases urine production

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2
Q

endocrine

A

a gland that produces an internal or hormonal secretion

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3
Q

endocrinology

A

study of the effects and productions of hormones

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4
Q

endocrinologist

A

one who studies endocrinology

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5
Q

hormone

A

chemical formed in one tissue or organ and carried by the bloodstream to stimulate another organ

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6
Q

hypothalamus

A

an endocrine gland in the floor and the wall of the third ventricle of the brain

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7
Q

melatonin

A

hormone formed by the adrenal gland

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8
Q

oxytocin

A

pituitary hormone that stimulates the uterus to contract

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9
Q

pineal

A

pertaining to the pituitary gland

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10
Q

prostogladin

A

hormone present in many tissues, but first isolated from the prostate gland

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11
Q

serotonin

A

neurotransmitter in central and peripheral nervous systems

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12
Q

acromegaly

A

enlargement of head, face, hands, and feet due to excess growth hormone as an adult

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13
Q

andrenocorticotropic

A

hormone of the anterior pituitary gland that stimulates the cortex of the adrenal gland to produce its own hormones

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14
Q

corticosteriod

A

a hormone produced by the adrenal cortex

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15
Q

corticotropin

A

pituitary hormone that stimulates the cortex of the adrenal gland to secrete cortisone

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16
Q

cortisone

A

a corticosteroid produced in small amounts by the adrenal cortex

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17
Q

diabetes insipidus

A

excretion of large amounts of dilute urine as a result of inadequate antidiuretic hormone

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18
Q

gonadrotropin

A

any hormone that stimulates gonad function

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19
Q

gonad

A

organ that produces sex cells

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20
Q

hydrocortisone

A

potent glucortoid with antiinflammatory properties

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21
Q

prolactin

A

pituitary hormone thst stimulates the production of milk

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22
Q

somatotropin/growth hormone

A

hormone of the anterior pituitary gland that stimulates the growth of body tissues

23
Q

thyrotropin

A

hormone from the anterior pituitary gland that stimulates function of the thyroid gland

24
Q

calcitonin

A

hormone produced by the thyroid gland that moves calcium from the blood to bones

25
Q

emaciation

A

abnormal thinness

26
Q

emaciated

A

pertaining to or suffering from emaciation

27
Q

parathyroid

A

endocrine glands embedded in the back of the thyroid gland

28
Q

thymus

A

endocrine gland located in the mediastinum

29
Q

thyroid

A

endocrine gland in the neck/a cartilage of the larynx

30
Q

thyroxine

A

thyroid hormone T4, tetraiodothyrine

31
Q

cretin

A

severe congenital hypothyroidism

32
Q

cretinism

A

condition of having severe congenital hypothyroidism

33
Q

exophthalamos

A

protrusion of the eyeball

34
Q

goiter

A

enlargement of the thyroid gland

35
Q

graves disease

A

hyperthyroidism with toxic goiter

36
Q

hashimoto disease

A

sutoimmune disease of the thyroid gland

37
Q

hyperparathyroidism

A

excessive levels of parathyroid hormone

38
Q

hypoparahtyroidism

A

deficient levels of parathyroid hormone

39
Q

hyperpyrexia

A

extremely high body temperature of fever

40
Q

hyperthyroidism

A

excessive production of thyroid hormones

41
Q

hypothyroidism

A

deficient production of thyroid hormones

42
Q

iodine

A

chemical element, the lack of which causes thyroid disease

43
Q

myxedema

A

nonpitting, waxy edema of the skin in hypothyroidism

44
Q

tetany

A

severe muscle twitches, cramps, and spasms

45
Q

thyroidectomy

A

surgical removal of the thyroid gland

46
Q

thyroiditis

A

inflammation of thr thyroid gland

47
Q

thyrotoxicosis/hyperthyroidism

A

disorder produced by excessive thyroid hormone production

48
Q

Addison disease

A

autoimmune disease leading to decreased production of adrenocortical steroids

49
Q

adrenal

A

endocrine gland on the upper pole of each kidney

50
Q

adrenaline

A

main catecholamine produced by the adrenal medulla

51
Q

adrenocortical

A

pertaining to the cortex of the adrenal gland

52
Q

aldosterone

A

mineralcorticoid hormone of the adrenal cortex

53
Q

catecholamine

A

major elements produced by the adrenal cortex in the stress response, include ephinephrine and norephinephrine

Medical Terminology (9 decks)

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