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Medical Terminology > Chapter 10 Part 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 10 Part 2 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

aneurysm

A

small, ciscumscribed dilation of an artery or cardiac chamber. Greek: dilation

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2
Q

arteriography

A

xray visualation of of an artery after injection of contrast material

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3
Q

bovine spongiform encephalopathy

A

“mad cow disease” can be transmitted to humans, causing Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease

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4
Q

carotid endartectomy

A

surgical removal of diseased lining from the carotid artery to leave a smooth lining and restore blood flow. Greek: large neck artery

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5
Q

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease

A

progressive, incurable, neurologic disease caused by infectious prions

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6
Q

encephalitis

A

inflammation of brain cells and tissue

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7
Q

migraine

A

paroxysmal severe headache confined to one side of the head

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8
Q

Parkinson disease

A

disease of muscular rigidity, tremors, and a masklike facial expression

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9
Q

prion

A

small, infectious protein particle, latin: protein

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10
Q

syncope

A

temporary loss of consciousness and postural tone due to dimished cerebral flow

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11
Q

tremor

A

small, shaking, involuntary, repetitive movements of hands, extremities, neck, or jaw

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12
Q

analgesia

A

state in which pain is reduced

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13
Q

analgesic

A

substance that produces analgesia

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14
Q

Bell palsy

A

paresis or paralysis of one side of the face. Named afetr Charles Bell, surgeon

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15
Q

concussion

A

mild brain injury

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16
Q

contrecoup

A

injury to the brain at a point directly opposite the point of contact. French: counterblow

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17
Q

contusion

A

hemorrhage into a tissue (bruising) including the brain

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18
Q

coup

A

injury to the brain directly under the skull at the point of contact. French: a blow

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19
Q

fibromyalgia

A

pain in the muscle fibers

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20
Q

meningococcal

A

pertaining to the meningococcus bacterium

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21
Q

sundural space

A

space between the arachnoid and dura mater layers of the meninges

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22
Q

trauma

A

a physical or mental injury

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23
Q

demyelenination

A

process of losing the myelin sheath of a nerve fiber

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24
Q

exacerbation

A

period where there is an increase in severity of a disease

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25
Q

intermittent

A

alternatively ceasing and beginning again

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26
Q

modify

A

change the form or qualities of something

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27
Q

paresthesia

A

abnormal sensation: tingling, burning, prickling

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28
Q

remission

A

period where there is a lessening or absence of the symptoms of a disease

29
Q

sclerosis

A

thickening and hardening of a tissue, including nervous tissue

30
Q

amyotrophic

A

pertaining to muscular atrophy

31
Q

compression

A

squeeze together to increase density/decrease dimension of a muscle

32
Q

herniation

A

protrusion of an anatomical structure from its normal location

33
Q

myelitis

A

inflammation of the spinal cord

34
Q

neuopathy

A

any disorder of the nervous system

35
Q

mononeuropathy

A

disorder affecting one nerve

36
Q

polyneuropathy

A

disorder affecting many nerves

37
Q

paralyze

A

to make incapable of movement

38
Q

paresis

A

partial paralysis

39
Q

hemiparesis

A

weakness of one side of the body

40
Q

poliomyelitis

A

inflammation of gray matter of the spinal cord, leading to paralysis of the limbs and muscles of respiration

41
Q

postpolio syndrome

A

progressive muscle weakness in a person previously affected by polio

42
Q

syringomyelia

A

abnormal longitudinal cavities in the spinal cord causing paresthesias and muscle weakness

43
Q

anencephaly

A

born without cerebral hemispheres

44
Q

microcephaly

A

an abnormally small head

45
Q

ataxia

A

inability to coordinate muscle activity, leading to jerky movements

46
Q

athetosis

A

slow, writing involuntary movements

47
Q

hemiplegia

A

paralysis of one side of the body

48
Q

meningocele

A

protrusion of the meninges from the spinal cord or brain through a defect in the vertebral column or cranium

49
Q

monoplegia

A

paralysis of one limb

50
Q

palsy

A

paralysis from brain damage

51
Q

paraplegia

A

paralysis of both lower extremities

52
Q

quadriplegia

A

paralysis of all four limbs

53
Q

spina bifida

A

failure of one or more vertebral arches to close during fetal development

54
Q

spina bifida cyctica

A

spina bifida with the appearance of a cyst

55
Q

spinda bifida occulta

A

spina bifida is present but not apparent

56
Q

teratogen

A

agent that produces fetal deformities

57
Q

anxiety

A

distress and dread cause by fear, greek, distress

58
Q

bipolar disorder

A

a mood disorder with alternating periods of depression and mania

59
Q

delusion

A

fixed, unyielding false belief held despite strong evidence to the contrary

60
Q

hallucination

A

perception of an object or event that is not present

61
Q

mania

A

mood disorder with hyperactivity, irritability, and rapid speech

62
Q

manic

A

pertaining to mania

63
Q

mute

A

unable or unwilling to speak

64
Q

paranoia

A

presence of persecutory delusions

65
Q

phobia

A

pathologic fear or dread

66
Q

psychiatry

A

diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders

67
Q

psychology

A

science concerned with the human mind

68
Q

psychosis

A

disorder causing mental disruption and loss of contact with reality

69
Q

sociopath

A

person with antisocial personality disorder

Medical Terminology (9 decks)

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