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Medical Terminology > Chapter 10 Part 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 10 Part 1 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

electroencephalogram

A

record of the electrical activity of the brain

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2
Q

electroneurodiagnostic

A

pertaining to the use of electricity in the diagnosis of a neurological disorder

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3
Q

epilepsy

A

chronic brain disorder due to paroxysmal excessive neuronal charges. Greek: seizure

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4
Q

epileptic

A

pertaining to or suffering from epilepsy

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5
Q

motor

A

structures of the nervous system that send impulses out. Latin: to move

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6
Q

nerve

A

a cord of fibers bound together by connective tissue

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7
Q

nervous system

A

the whole. Integrated nerve apparatus

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8
Q

neurology

A

medical speciality of disorders of the nervous system

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9
Q

neurosurgeon

A

one who operates on the nervous system

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10
Q

sensory

A

pertaining to sensation; structures of the nervous system that carry impulses to the brain

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11
Q

afferent

A

moving toward a center (toward the spinal cord and brain). Latin: to bring to

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12
Q

autonomic

A

self-governing visceral motor division of the peripheral nervous system

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13
Q

axon

A

single process of a nerve cell body that receives nervous stimuli. Greek: axis

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14
Q

dendrite

A

branched extension of the nerve cell body that receives nervous stimuli. Greek: tree-like

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15
Q

dopamine

A

neurotransmitter in some specific areas of the brain

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16
Q

efferent

A

moving away from a center (away from the brain and spinal cord). Latin: to bring away from

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17
Q

glia

A

connective tissue that holds a structure together. Greek: glue

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18
Q

glial

A

pertaining to glia or neuroglia

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19
Q

neuroglia

A

connective tissue holding nervous tissue together

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20
Q

myelin

A

material of the sheath around the axon of a nerve

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21
Q

neuron

A

technical term for a nerve cell, consists of a cell body with its dendrites and axons

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22
Q

neurotransmitter

A

chemical agent that relays messages from one nerve cell to the next

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23
Q

parasympathetic (two prefixes)

A

division of the autonomic nervous system; calms the body

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24
Q

somatic

A

a division of the peripheral nervous system serving the skeletal muscles

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25
Q

sympathetic

A

division of the autonomic nervous system; excites the body

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26
Q

synapse

A

junction between two nerve cells where electrical impulses are transmitted

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27
Q

visceral, viscus, viscera

A

pertaining to the internal organs

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28
Q

cerebellum

A

posterior area of the brain between the midbrain and the cerebral hemispheres

29
Q

cerebrospinal

A

pertaining to the brain and spinal cord

30
Q

cerebrospinal fluid

A

fluid formed in the ventricles of the brain, surrounds brain and spinal cord

31
Q

cerebrum, cerebral

A

pertaining to the cerebral hemispheres of the brain

32
Q

corpus callosum

A

bridge of nerve fibers connecting the two cerebral hemispheres

33
Q

frontal lobe

A

front area of the cerebral hemispheres

34
Q

gyrus, gyri

A

rounded elevation on the surface of the cerebral hemispheres

35
Q

hypothalamus

A

an endocrine gland in the floor and wall of the third ventricle of the brain

36
Q

occipital lobe

A

posterior area of the cerebral hemisphere

37
Q

parieatl lobe

A

area of the brain under the parietal lobe

38
Q

sulcus, sulci

A

groove on the surface of the cerebral hemisphere that separate gyri

39
Q

temporal lobe

A

posterior 2/3 of the cerebral hemisphere

40
Q

thalamus

A

mass of gray matter under the ventricle in each cerebral hemisphere

41
Q

arachnoid mater

A

weblike middle layer of the three meninges

42
Q

dura mater

A

hard, fibrous outer layer of the meninges

43
Q

epidural

A

above the dura

44
Q

epidural space

A

space between the dura mater and the wall of the vertebral canal

45
Q

meninges

A

three-layeres covering of the brain and spinal cord

46
Q

meningitis

A

inflammation of the meninges

47
Q

pia mater

A

delicate inner layer of the meninges

48
Q

subarachnoid space

A

space between pia mater and the arachnoid membrane

49
Q

Alzheimer disease

A

common form of dementia

50
Q

cognition

A

process of acquiring memory through thinking, learning, and memory. Latin: knowledge

51
Q

confusion

A

mental state in which environmental stimuli are not processed appropriately

52
Q

delirium

A

acute altered state of consciousness with agitation and disorientation

53
Q

dementia

A

chronic, progessive, irreversible loss of cognitive/intellectual functions

54
Q

empathy

A

ability to place yourself into the feelings and emotions of another person

55
Q

sympathy

A

appreciation and concern for another person’s mental state

56
Q

sedative

A

agent that calms nervous excitement

57
Q

sedation

A

state of being calmed

58
Q

senile

A

characteristic of old age

59
Q

stroke

A

acute clinical event caused by impaired cerebral circulation

60
Q

grand mal

A

old name for generalized tonic-clonic seizure

61
Q

narcolepsy

A

involuntary falling asleep

62
Q

petit mal

A

old name for absence seizures

63
Q

postictal

A

transient neurologic decifit after seizure

64
Q

ictal

A

pertaining to/caused by a seizure

65
Q

tic

A

sudden, involuntary, repeated contraction of muscles. French

66
Q

tonic

A

state of muscular contraction

67
Q

tonic-clonic seizure

A

the body alternates between muscular rigidity and jerking muscular contractions

68
Q

Tourette syndrome

A

disorder of multiple motor and vocal tics. Named after Gilles de la Tourette, French neurologist

Medical Terminology (9 decks)

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