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Medical Terminology > Chapter 9 Part 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 9 Part 1 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

bile

A

fluid secreted by the liver into the duodenum

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2
Q

bile acids

A

steroids synthesized from cholesterol

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3
Q

biliary

A

pertaining to bile

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4
Q

bilirubin

A

bile pigment formed in the liver from hemoglobin

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5
Q

cirrhosis

A

extensive fibriotic liver disease

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6
Q

glycogen

A

the body’s principal carbohydrate reserve, stored in the liver and skeletal muscles

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7
Q

hepatic

A

pertaining to the liver

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8
Q

hepatitis

A

inflammation of the liver

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9
Q

jaundice

A

yellow staining of tissues with bile pigments, including bilirubin

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10
Q

liver

A

body’s largest organ, located in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen

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11
Q

provisional disgnosis

A

temporary diagnosis pending further examination or testing

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12
Q

aphthous

A

painful small ulcers (canker sores) greek: ulcer

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13
Q

canker

A

nonmedical term for apthous ulcer. Latin: crab

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14
Q

caries

A

bacterial descruction of teeth. Latin: dry rot

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15
Q

gingiva

A

tissue surrounding the teeth and covering the jaw. Latin: gum

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16
Q

gingival

A

pertaining to the gums

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17
Q

gingivitis

A

inflammation of the gums

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18
Q

gingivectomy

A

surgical removal of diseases gum tissue

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19
Q

halitosis

A

bad breath

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20
Q

peridontal

A

around a tooth

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21
Q

peridontics

A

branch of dentistry specializing in gum disorders

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22
Q

peridontitis

A

inflammation of tissue around a tooth

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23
Q

plaque

A

patch of abnormal tissue. French: plate

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24
Q

pyorrhea

A

purulent discharge (pus)

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25
Q

tartar

A

calcified deposit at the gingival margin of the teeth. Latin: crust on wine casks

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26
Q

thrush

A

infection with Candida albicans

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27
Q

ailmentary

A

pertaining to the digestive tract

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28
Q

ailmentary canal

A

digestive tract

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29
Q

anus

A

terminal opening of digestive tract through which feces are discharged. Latin: ring

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30
Q

anal

A

pertaining to the anus

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31
Q

bariatric

A

treatment of obesity

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32
Q

digestion

A

breakdown of food into elements suitable for cell metabolism

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33
Q

digestive

A

pertaining to digestion

34
Q

esophagus

A

tube linking the pharynx and the stomac. Greek: gullet

35
Q

gastric

A

pertaining to the stomach

36
Q

gastroenterology

A

medical speciality of stomach and intestines

37
Q

intestine

A

digestive tube from the stomach to the anus

38
Q

laparoscopy

A

examination of contents of abdomen using an endoscope

39
Q

nutrient

A

a substance in food required for normal physiologic function. Latin: to nourish

40
Q

amino acid

A

basic building block for protein. Acid, latin: sour

41
Q

chyle

A

a milky fluid that results from the digestion and absorption of fats in the small intestine. Greek: juice

42
Q

emulsify

A

break up into very small droplets to suspend in a solution

43
Q

emulsion

A

the system that contains small droplets suspended in a liquid

44
Q

lacteal

A

a lymphatic vessel carrying chyle away from the intestine

45
Q

lipase

A

enzyme that breaks down fat

46
Q

lipid

A

general term for all types of fatty compounds

47
Q

mineral

A

inorganic compund usually found in the earth’s crust

48
Q

bolus

A

a single mass of a substance. Greek: lump

49
Q

deglutition

A

the act of swallowing

50
Q

masticate

A

to chew

51
Q

mastication

A

the process of chewing

52
Q

peristalsis

A

waves of alternate contraction and relaxation of the intestinal wall, which moves food along the digestive tract

53
Q

constipation

A

hard, infrequent bowel movements

54
Q

Chron disease

A

narrowing and thickening of terminal small bowel

55
Q

dehydration

A

process of losing body water

56
Q

dysentary

A

disease with diarrhea, bowel spasms, and dehydration

57
Q

gastroenteneritis

A

inflammation of the stomach and intestines

58
Q

lactose

A

the disaccharide found in cow’s milk

59
Q

lactase

A

enzyme that breaks down lactose to glucose and galactose

60
Q

malnutrition

A

inadequate nutrition from poor diet of inadequate absorption of nutrients

61
Q

anastomosis

A

a surginally-made union between two tubular structures

62
Q

endoscope

A

instrument to examine the inside of a hollow or tubular organ

63
Q

colonscopy

A

examining the colon by endoscopy

64
Q

panendoscopy

A

examination of the inside of the esophagus, stomach, and upper duodenum using a flexible endoscope

65
Q

proctoscopy or anoscopy

A

examination of the inside of the anus by endoscopy

66
Q

sigmoidoscopy

A

examination by endoscopy of the sigmoid colon

67
Q

gastroscopy

A

examination of the inside of the stomach by endoscopy

68
Q

enema

A

an injection of fluid into the rectum

69
Q

ostomy

A

artificial opening into a tubular structure

70
Q

colostomy

A

artificial opening from the colon to the outsid of the body

71
Q

ileostomy

A

artificial opening from the ileum to the outside of the body

72
Q

stoma

A

artificial opening

73
Q

celiac disease

A

disease caused by sensitivity to gluten

74
Q

diarrhea

A

abnormally frequent and loose stools

75
Q

flatulence

A

excessive amount of gas in the stomach and intestines

76
Q

flatus

A

gas or air expelled through the anus. Latin: blowing

77
Q

gluten

A

insoluble protein found in wheat, barley, and oats. Latin: glue

78
Q

malabsoprtion

A

inadequate gastrointestinal absorption of nutrients

79
Q

portal vein

A

the vein that carries blood from the intestines to the liver. Latin: gate

80
Q

starch

A

complex carbohydrate made of multiple units of glucose

81
Q

vilius

A

thin, hairlike projection, particularly of a mucous membrane lining a cavity

Medical Terminology (9 decks)

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