Chapter 9: Overview of Metabolism

Question 1

Metabolism

Answer 1

• Process by which organisms generate and use free energy to perform essential functions

Question 2

Intermediary metabolism reactions involve

Answer 2

• Small, low molecular weight molecules

Question 3

Commonalities exhibited by cells

Answer 3

• Maintain constant internal environment
• Use energy from environment to drive rxns
• Reproduce /grow
• Respond to external stimuli

Question 4

Metabolic reactions defined

Answer 4

• Series of metabolic steps

- Facilitate the harnessing of energy

Question 5

Common reaction types in metabolic pathways

Answer 5

• Reciprocal regulation

- Can be linear, spiral, or cyclic

Question 6

Convergent metabolsim

Answer 6

• Catabolism

Question 7

Divergent metabolism

Answer 7

• Anabolism

Question 8

Complete oxidation of glucose releases

Answer 8

• 3000kj/mol of energy

Question 9

Pyruvate dehydrogenase enzyme controlled by

Answer 9

• Reversible phosphorylation

- Tightly controlled system

Question 10

Catabolism depends on

Answer 10

• Fuel

- Presence/absence of oxygen

Question 11

Anabolsim depends on

Answer 11

• Biosynthetic requirements

- Input of energy

Question 12

Amphibolic reactions

Answer 12

• Both catabolic and anabolic

Question 13

Biosynthesis/cholesterol/FA synthesis involves

Answer 13

• NADPH

Question 14

Energy/ETC/production of ATP involves

Answer 14

• NADH

Question 15

Substrate cycling

Answer 15

• Independent regulation of anabolic and catabolic pathways

Question 16

Catabolism

Answer 16

• Produces energy
• Oxidative breakdown of large macromolecules
• Exergonic (release energy in the form of ATP)

Question 17

3 stages of aerobic catabolism

Answer 17

1. Large molecules > smaller
2. Further degraded > pyruvate or Acetyl-SCoA (so they can enter CAC)
3. CAC and oxidative phosphorylation (final step)

Question 18

Final stage of carbohydrate and fat metabolism

Answer 18

• Same step

- CAC and ETC

Question 19

Catabolsim converges on

Answer 19

• Acetyl-SCoA

Question 20

Anabolsim

Answer 20

• Biosynthetic
• Formation of large macromolecules
• Endergonic (requires energy input)

Question 21

Anabolism considered divergent

Answer 21

• Produces wide array of products from a small number of metabolites

Question 22

Important metabolic intermediates present in more than one pathway

Answer 22

• Glucose-6-phosphate
• Pyruvate
• Acetyl-SCoA
• All are bridges between anabolic and catabolic pathways