Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biochemistry I > Chapter 18: Electron Transport Chain/Oxidative Phosphorylation > Flashcards

Chapter 18: Electron Transport Chain/Oxidative Phosphorylation Flashcards

1
Q

FADH2 bypasses the

A
  • First ETC complex
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

ETC complexes floating in the inner mitochondrial matrix

A
  • Complex I, II, III, and IV
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

As the electrons are being passed, protons are being pumped into

A
  • The intermitochondrial membrane

- Then protons move thru the ATPase to make ATP b/c of [proton] gradient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Under aerobic conditions NADH and FADH2 generate

A
  • Energy in oxidative phosphorylation by donating electrons to the ETC within the inner mitochondrial membrane
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The ETC is composed of

A
  • NAD linked dehydrogenases
  • Flavin linked dehydrogenases
  • Cytochromes arranged in sequences
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Some NADH and FADH2 are concentrated within

A
  • The mitochondrial matrix
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The NADH and FADH2 produced in glycolysis is transported

A
  • Into the mitochondria via specific shuttle systems
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

SDH is located

A
  • In the inner membrane of mitochondria
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Oxidation reactions in the CAC and glycolysis produce

A
  • NADH and FADH2
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Substrate molecules oxidized in the CAC and glycolysis produce

A
  • NADH and FADH2
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Electrons from NADH and FADH2 are transported to molecular O2 to form

A
  • H2O by the ETC
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

As electrons are passed down the ETC

A
  • They lose energy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Energy lost by electrons as they move down the ETC can be trapped

A
  • In the form of ATP when protons are pumped back across the inner mitochondrial membrane (oxidative phosphorylation)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Energy loss along the ETC is considered

A
  • An exergonic process

- The energy of the TCA is harnessed in the ETC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Each ETC complex contains

A
  • Electron carrier proteins that are water insoluble
  • Oxidation/reduction centers
  • Some complexes pump protons
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Complex I

A
  • NAD-dehydrogenase complex
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Complex II

A
  • FAD-succinate dehydrogenase complex
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Complex III

A
  • Cytochrome c reductase
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Complex IV

A
  • Cytochrome c oxidase
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Complex I and II converge on

A
  • Coenzyme Q
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

ETC pathway movement

A
  • NADH > complex I > coenzyme Q > complex III > cytochrome C > complex IV > Oxygen
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

As electrons move they lose energy and

A
  • H+ gets pumped into the space
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Ubiquinone is a

A
  • Transmembrane protein, and is small

- Not a proton pump

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Complex III is a

A
  • Cytochrome-containing proton pump
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Complex I contains

A
  • NAD+
  • FMN
  • NAD-linked dehydrogenases
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Complex I is a large complex that has

A
  • 34 polypeptide chains
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Complex I is both

A
  • Proton pump

- Electron carrier

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Number of proteins pumped into intermembrane space by Complex I

A
  • 4 protons
29
Q

Complex I has a low affinity for

A
  • Electrons which it passes to coenzyme Q
30
Q

NADH donates its electrons from Complex I to

A
  • The flavin mononucleotide prosthetic group, FMN forming FMNH2
31
Q

FMNH2 of Complex I transfers its electrons to a series of

A
  • Iron sulfur (Fe-S) clusters

- Then passed to lipophilic ubiquinone in the lipid bilayer of the IMM

32
Q

P/O ratio

A
  • The amount of ATP synthesized per substrate molecule oxidized
33
Q

As NADH is oxidized ___ protons are pumped…

A
  • 10 protons are pumped into the imm
34
Q

4 H+ molecules moving through the space procudes

A
  • 1 ATP
35
Q

When 1 mole of FADH2 is oxidized

A
  • 1.5 moles of ATP are produced
36
Q

As FADH is oxidezed

A
  • 6 protons are pumped into the space

- Complex I is bypassed

37
Q

Complex V

A
  • F1F0 ATPase
38
Q

F1 of Complex V

A
  • Water-soluble component
39
Q

F0 of Complex V

A
  • Lipophilic component of complex V
40
Q

Structure of F1 component of complex V

A
  • 5 units and a nucleotide binding site

- ATY synthesizing moiety

41
Q

Structure of F0 component of complex V

A
  • 3 or 4 hydrophobic units integrated into the inner mitochondrial membrane
42
Q

Oxidative phosphorylation and electron transport are usually

A
  • Tightly coupled
43
Q

Uncoupling occurs naturally in

A
  • Mitochondria that are old or damaged
44
Q

Electron transport without ATP synthesis results in

A
  • Energy lost as heat (brown adipose tissue of babies and bears)
45
Q

Artificial uncoupling agents prevent

A
  • Formation of ATP even when electron transport occurs
46
Q

Artificial uncoupling agents allow O2 use by

A
  • Mitochondria in the absence of ADP
47
Q

Uncouplers may pick up on protons and carry them

A
  • Through the membrane into the matrix (lipid soluble)
48
Q

Carrying of protons through the membrane disrupts

A
  • The flow of protons through the ATPase (complex V)
49
Q

Uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation

A
  • Lipid soluble, hydrophobic compounds that carry protons across the IMM
50
Q

Uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation dissipate

A
  • The proton gradient
51
Q

Uncouplers inhibit ATP formation without

A
  • Affecting electron transport
52
Q

Antibiotics that work via uncoupling

A
  • Valinomycin

- Gramicidin

53
Q

When uncoupled, electron transport proceeds but

A
  • No ATP is formed
54
Q

Rotenone and amytal block

A
  • Flavoprotein-NADH dehydrogenase complex
55
Q

Rotenone (root extract) is used to treat

A
  • Head lice
56
Q

Amytal is

A
  • An analgesic barbiturate
57
Q

Antimycin A prevents

A
  • The passage of electrons through the cytochrome c reductase
58
Q

CN- and CO block

A
  • Cytochrome oxidase
59
Q

Inhibition of electron transport chain activity is

A
  • Generally fatal
60
Q

Entry of electrons from succinate bypass the step of

A
  • Inhibition via rotenone

- Blockage of flavoprotein-NADH dehydrogenase complex

61
Q

The ETC is comprised of a seres of

A
  • NAD-linked dehydrogenases
  • Flavin-linked dehydrogenases
  • Cytochromes organized within the IMM
62
Q

Under aerobic conditions, NADH and FADH 2

A
  • Donate electrons to carriers positioned in the IMM

- Along with production of ATP

63
Q

Electrons that enter the chain via the NAD-dependent dehydrogenase complex produce

A
  • Approximately 2.5 molecules of ATP
64
Q

Electrons that enter the chain via ubiquinone produce

A
  • 1.5 molecules of ATP since complex I is bypassed
65
Q

The mechanism by which ATP is produced from ADP and Pi as metabolic fuel is oxidized

A
  • Oxidative phosphorylation
66
Q

Peter Mitchell’s chemiosmotic model postulates

A
  • The electrochemical gradient formed across the IMM during electron transport is key to ATP production from ADP
67
Q

Oxidative phosphorylation and electron transport are closely linked in that

A
  • Electrons only pass from NADH to molecular O2 when ATP is required
68
Q

Rotenone and amytal inhibit electron passage through

A
  • Complex I
69
Q

Antimycin A prevents the passage of electrons through

A
  • Cytochrome c reductase

- Oxidase is inhibited by CN- and CO

Biochemistry I (34 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions