Chapter 9 Ordinary Construction

Question 1

Adobe

Answer 1

Large, roughly molded, sun-dried clay units of varying sizes.

Question 2

Arched truss

Answer 2

A truss with an arched upper chord and a straight bottom chord, with vertical hangers between the two chords.

Question 3

Ashlar masonry

Answer 3

Stone cut in rectangular units.

Question 4

Cantilever wall

Answer 4

A freestanding wall unsecured at the top that acts like a cantilever beam with respect to lateral loads, such as wind or a hose stream.

Question 5

Cast in place concrete

Answer 5

Includes plain concrete, reinforced concrete, and post tensioned concrete. This concrete is molded in the location in which it is expected to remain.

Question 6

Cavity wall

Answer 6

Hollow wall in which wythes are tied together with steel ties or masonry trusses.

Question 7

Cockloft

Answer 7

Void space between the top floor ceiling and the roof.

Question 8

Composite wall

Answer 8

Two different masonry materials, such as brick and concrete block, used in a wall and designed to react as one unit under load.

Question 9

Concrete masonry unit

Answer 9

Precast hollow or solid structural block. Sometimes referred to as cinder block.

Question 10

Concrete topping

Answer 10

Concrete placed over the first floor wood floors for fire resistance or to provide sanitary floors.

Question 11

Coping

Answer 11

The masonry cap on top of a wall.

Question 12

Cornice

Answer 12

A projecting decorative (ledge) at the top of a masonry wall.

Question 13

Course

Answer 13

A horizontal line of masonry.

Question 14

Cross wall

Answer 14

Any wall set at a right angle to any other wall; the walls should brace one another.

Question 15

Dog iron

Answer 15

Connects the girders and imparts some lateral stability under normal conditions; resembles a big staple.

Question 16

Fire limit

Answer 16

Older code provision that would not allow a structure to be built without the use of exterior masonry walls that would limit fire extension.

Question 17

Fireproof

Answer 17

Material applied to structural elements or systems that provides increased fire resistance; usually serves no structural function.

Question 18

Flying buttress

Answer 18

Masonry pier at a distance from the wall and connected to it that resist the outward thrust of the roof.

Question 19

Header or bond course

Answer 19

Bricks laid so that the end is visible.

Question 20

Hollow masonry wall

Answer 20

Two connected wythes of masonry with an air space in between.

Question 21

Joist hanger

Answer 21

Metal angle or strap used to support an individual joist against a beam or a girder.

Question 22

Light well

Answer 22

Small court commonly placed in large buildings to admit daylight into interior areas not exposed to an open view.

Question 23

Masonry column

Answer 23

Masonry bracing incorporated into unstable masonry walls; also called piers, buttresses, pilasters, or columns.

Question 24

Masonry wire truss

Answer 24

Wire truss embedded into the mortar in specified courses, making the header course no longer necessary.

Question 25

Mezzanine

Answer 25

A low ceilinged story located between two main stories; usually constructed directly above the ground floor, often projecting over it as a balcony.

Question 26

Ordinary construction

Answer 26

Buildings in which the exterior walls are non-combustible or limited combustible, but the interior floors and walls are made of combustible materials.

Question 27

Parging (pargetting)

Answer 27

Application of mortar to the back of the facing material or the face or the backing material.

Question 28

Party wall

Answer 28

A structural wall that is common to two buildings.

Question 29

Pintle

Answer 29

Square metal device used to transfer loads of columns on upper floors by passing the loads through intervening beams and girders to metal column caps on the column below.

Question 30

Rubble masonry

Answer 30

Rough stones of irregular shapes and sizes, used in rough, uncoursed work in the construction of walls and foundations.

Question 31

Rubble masonry wall

Answer 31

A wall composed of an inner and outer wythe of coursed masonry. The space between is filled with random masonry sometimes mixed with mortar. Such walls are unstable to a lateral thrust.

Question 32

Solid masonry walls

Answer 32

Masonry units (either solid or hollow) laid contiguously with the joints filled with mortar.

Question 33

Stretcher course

Answer 33

Bricks laid so that the long side is visible.

Question 34

Strip mall

Answer 34

Modern one story retail occupancy building that typically has a lightweight wood truss roof and concrete block walls (type III construction) or steel bar joist and a metal deck roof with a masonry wall (type II construction).

Question 35

Tenement

Answer 35

Multistory working class apartment buildings constructed in the 1800s and early 1900s often substandard in terms of fire safety and health.

Question 36

Terra-cotta tile

Answer 36

Made of clay and fine sand and fired in a kiln.

Question 37

Tied arch

Answer 37

Arch in which a steel tension rod ties the ends of the arch together to eliminate the need for the masonry.

Question 38

Type III construction

Answer 38

Ordinary construction.

Question 39

Unreinforced masonry

Answer 39

Ordinary masonry walls are not reinforced, so they have no resistance to lateral movement.

Question 40

Veneer wall

Answer 40

A wall with a masonry facing that is not bonded but is attached to a wall so as to form an integral part of the wall.

Question 41

Wythe

Answer 41

A single continuous vertical wall of bricks, one masonry unit in thickness.