Chapter 7 wood frame construction Flashcards
Asbestos cement shingle
A “fireproof” roofing shingle that is composed of cement reinforced with asbestos fibers.
Asphalt felt siding
A type of siding manufactured by saturating a dry felt with asphalt, then coating it with a fine glass fiber.
Balloon frame
A wooden structure in which all vertical studs in the exterior bearing walls extend the full height of the frame from sill to roof. No firestops are present within the walls.
Batten
A type of siding that uses vertical strips of wood to cover joints.
Bottom plate
A structural member laid on the subfloor where the vertical studs are installed.
Bridging
Braces placed between parallel frame members to prevent movement from their vertical axis. Also known as cross bracing.
Cantilevered
A type of construction in which an overhang is supported from only one end where one floor extends beyond and over a foundation wall.
Chamfer
To cut off the corners of a timber to retard ignition.
Chipboard
Wood chips that are glued together to make flat sheets. Often used in the floor construction of mobile homes.
Corrugated metal siding
Grooved panels utilized on industrial buildings of wood or steel framing; it poses an electrical hazard from stray electrical wires or lightning.
Curtain wall
A non-loadbearing wall that carries no weight other than its own. It is installed only to keep out the weather.
End matched
A descriptor for lumber with tongues and grooves at the ends.
Engineered wood
In the construction trade, laminated timbers. In this text, wood modified from its natural state.
English Tudor
Balloon frame structure finished to resemble post and frame construction.
Finger joints
Interlocking wood pieces that are glued together to create a longer piece of dimensional lumber.
Flitch plate girder
Composite of a steel plate or plywood sandwiched between two beams.
Glued laminated timber
Planks glued together to form a solid timber.
Header
A joist that parallels floor/roof beams and is used to create an opening.
Heavy timber
Buildings constructed with non-combustible or limited combustible exterior walls and floors made of large dimension combustible materials. Also known as type IV construction.
Hip
The rafter at the angle where two sloping roofs or sides of a roof meet.
Joist
Wooden 2 x 8’s, 2 x 10’s, or 2 x 12‘s that run parallel to one another and support a floor or ceiling and are supported in turn by larger beams, girders, or bearing walls.
Legacy construction
In terms of wood frame construction, the use of solid wood members as opposed to lightweight wood trusses and wooden I-joists.
log cabin
Structure constructed of entire tree trunks, as opposed to boards sawn from trees.
Lumber
Wood that has been sawn and planed.
Matched lumber
Tongue and grooved lumber (usually lengthwise).
Metal siding
A type of siding that is often made to look like another type of siding - for example, stone or clapboards.
Mortise and tenon
Joints that are fitted together to transfer loads properly.
Novelty siding
Combustible siding laid over the sheathing of a building. This type of siding comes in many different shapes and is laid horizontally.
Oriented flakeboard
Another name for OSB.
Oriented strand board (OSB)
A type of board made of layers of strands of wood cut from logs, with a fairly constant width to length ratio.
Plank and beam
Used in modern construction, a woodframe structure built with heavier beams that are spaced much farther apart than the traditional 16 inches.
Platform frame
A structure in which subflooring is laid on the joists, and the frame for the first floor walls is erected on the first floor.
Plywood
Wood panels manufactured with the grain of alternate plies laid at right angles to develop the approximate equal strength in either direction.
Plywood siding
4 foot wide sheets that give the appearance of 4 inch wide strips about a half inch apart.
Post and frame
A woodframe structure with an identifiable frame or skeleton of timber fitted together. Joints are constructed by mortise and tenon, fitted together to transfer loads properly.
Pyrolytic decomposition
The chemical decomposition of a compound into one or more other substances by heat alone; pyrolysis often proceeds combustion.
Rafters
Wood members used to support the roof sheeting and loads.
Ridge board
A structural member placed on the ridge of the roof onto which the upper ends of rafters are fastened.
Rough carpentry
All the wood framing members and sheathing of a building. Also known as framing.
Rough lumber
Lumber that is left as sawn on all four sides.
Sawn beam
Wooden beam sawn out of a tree trunk. To some extent, these beams have been replaced by the wooden I-beam due to the weight and cost of the true wooden beam.
Sill
Component found on the bottom of the frame of a wood structure. It rests on and is bolted to the foundation.
Soffit
False space above built-in cabinets, usually in the kitchen, or in the undersides or stairways and projecting eaves.
Spliced timber
Due to the shortage of solid timbers, these members are joined together by various metal connectors to transfer loads so that the spliced timber acts as a single member.
Spline
Wooden strips that fit into grooves in two adjacent planks to make a tight floor.
Stringers
A component of a set of stairs used to support risers (vertical stair components between treads) and treads (horizontal stair components on which people place their feet).
Stucco
An exterior plaster finish made of Portland cement.
Stud
A column in a frame building, usually nominal 2 x 4“ or 2 x 6“.
Subflooring
Laid on top of the joists, the structural member that serves as the base for the finished floor.
Top plate
Top horizontal member of a wood frame wall that supports the ceiling joists.
Trimmer
A piece of lumber that supports a header and can be found in floor openings such as stairwells (runs perpendicular to floor joists).
Trunnel
Wooden peg used to pin together mortise and tenon joists.
Truss frame
Developed by the US Forest Products Laboratory, a type of wood frame that substitutes sawn beams for truss members used in roofs and floors. It is held together with nails.
Truss void
Found within a truss roof system, a void space located between the top floor ceiling and the roof. Also known as a cockloft.
Valley
The lower slope formed by the connection of two inclined planes of a roof.
Vermiculite
Mineral used as bulk insulation and as an aggregate in insulating.
Vinyl siding
A thermoplastic that will deform and drip when introduced to a fire situation. Often made to look like wood siding.
Wall bearing
A descriptor indicating a structure in which the entire structural load is carried on the walls; the opposite of a curtain wall.
Wood
A hard fibrous material forming the major part of trees. It is usually milled or otherwise processed for use in construction.
Wood framed
Building with exterior walls, interior walls, floors, and roofs made of combustible wood material.
Wood lath
Narrow, rough strips of wood nailed to studs. Plaster is spread on wood laths. Generally no longer used, wood lath is present in many existing buildings.
Wooden walled building
A wall bearing building that carries the load of the structure and the contents.
