Chapter 3 Methods And Materials Of Construction, Renovation, And Demolition Flashcards
Admixture
A material other than water, aggregate, and cement used as an ingredient in concrete or mortar.
Aggregate
Any of a variety of materials, such as sand and gravel, added to a cement mixture to make concrete.
Aluminum
A lightweight metal that is both malleable and non-magnetic. This material has a very good conductivity. This non-combustible material has a low melting point and little mass per unit of area, so it disintegrates rapidly in fire.
Americans with disabilities act (ADA)
A set of regulations passed in 1990 that includes, among other things, regulations requiring areas of refuge for disabled people in multi story buildings.
Architect
An Individual who is engaged in the design of buildings and who often supervises construction.
Area of refuge
An area of a building separated from other spaces by fire-rated smoke barriers in which a tenable environment is maintained for the period of time that such areas may need to be occupied at the time of a fire.
Brick
A solid or hollow masonry unit of clay mixed with sand, which is molded into a small rectangular shape while in a plastic state.
Building code
Regulates the actual design and construction of new buildings, providing for minimum levels of health and safety. Regulates the level and amount of fire protection in a new structure.
Caisson
A shaft of concrete placed under a building column or wall extending down to bedrock.
Cells (concrete)
The hollow portions of the core of a concrete block.
Civil engineer
An engineer who specializes in the design of parking lots, drainage areas, and roadways.
Cold-drawn steel
A type of steel used in the construction of cables that are sometimes used to brace failing buildings or as tendons in tensioned concrete. It fails at 800°F (427°C).
Composite material
A material build up of different parts, pieces, and materials intended to act as a single unit.
Concrete masonry unit (CMU)
Precast hollow or solid structural block. Sometimes referred to as cinder block.
Construction safety regulations
Occupational health and safety regulations (enforced by state and/or federal authorities such as OSHA) that apply to construction sites. These include provisions to prevent falls (through the use of safety barriers) and protection from being hit or crushed.
Corrugation
Grooved rigid material, often metal.
Crosslot bracing
Internal bracing that transfers the lateral earth pressures between opposing walls through compressive struts.
Cured (concrete)
Concrete that is hardened to full strength.
Dewatering pump
A pump that removes water from the ground or excavations that hinder construction from an area of the site.
Electrical contractor
A subcontractor hired by the contractor to oversee all electrical installation.
Electrical engineer
An engineer who specializes in the design of lighting, power telecommunications, and emergency power of a structure.
Falsework
Temporary shoring, formwork, beams, or lateral bracing to support the work in the process of construction; also known as formwork.
Fire alarm/security system contractor
A subcontractor hired by the contractor to oversee all fire and security alarm installation.
Fire code
Regulates the activities that take place in existing buildings, including the maintenance of existing fire protection features such as automatic sprinklers and fire doors, hazardous processes such as spray finishing, the storage of hazardous materials, and general fire safety precautions.
Fire partition
A fire-rated assembly that subdivides a building to prevent the spread of fire such as between dwelling units and a multiple dwelling.
Fire protection engineer
An engineer who specializes in the design of fire protection systems including sprinkler and standpipe systems, and fire alarm systems of a structure.
Fireproofing contractor
A subcontractor hired by the contractor to spray a layer cementitious material onto steel for fire resistance purposes.
Folded plate
A structural element used to strengthen the roof of a structure over large areas.
Footing
Thick concrete pads, usually heavily reinforced, which transfer the loads of piers or columns to the ground.