Chapter 11 Fire-Resistive Construction

Question 1

Aggregates

Answer 1

Any of a variety of materials, such as sand and gravel, added to a cement mixture to make concrete.

Question 2

Cables

Answer 2

Special high strength, cold-drawn steel cables. Also referred to as strands or tendons.

Question 3

Cast in place concrete

Answer 3

Includes plain concrete, reinforced concrete, and post tensioned concrete. This concrete is molded in the location in which it is expected to remain.

Question 4

Casting

Answer 4

A process of placing fluid concrete into molds, generally called forms, in which the concrete is permitted to harden to a certain shape.

Question 5

Chairs

Answer 5

Small devices designed to keep the rods up off the surface of the form so concrete will flow underneath.

Question 6

Composite and combination columns

Answer 6

Columns that use steel and concrete combined into one unit.

Question 7

Composite construction

Answer 7

Buildings in which different loadbearing materials are used in different areas of the building.

Question 8

Continuous casting

Answer 8

Process for casting or pouring concrete without interruption from start to finish.

Question 9

Continuous slipforming

Answer 9

Pouring concrete continuously as forms move upward so that continuous casting may be accomplished.

Question 10

Drop panel

Answer 10

Thicker section of floor on top of columns to assist in resisting the natural tendency of the floor to shear off at the column.

Question 11

Excess flow valve

Answer 11

Valve that senses a sudden increased flow, as from a broken line, and shuts off flammable gas.

Question 12

Falsework

Answer 12

Temporary shoring, formwork, beams, or lateral bracing to support the concrete work in the process of construction.

Question 13

Flat plate structural system (continuous beam)

Answer 13

Cast in place floor in which there are no beams supported by columns; the floor plate itself rests directly on the columns.

Question 14

Footing

Answer 14

Typically thick concrete pads, blocks, or strips of concrete below the surface of the surrounding soil, sometimes heavily reinforced, that transfer the loads of walls, piers, or columns to the ground. Footings attempt to minimize building settlement by spreading the load over the large soil/concrete interface.

Question 15

Formwork

Answer 15

Mold that shapes the concrete.

Question 16

Hollow tile

Answer 16

Tile unit composed of vertical hollow cells, utilized in early efforts to lighten concrete floors.

Question 17

Lally columns

Answer 17

Steel pipes filled with concrete to increase their load-carrying capacity.

Question 18

Left-in-place form

Answer 18

Concrete floors that are cast onto corrugated steel.

Question 19

Lift slab

Answer 19

Type of building construction where concrete slabs are cast on the ground and lifted into place.

Question 20

Monolithic construction

Answer 20

Method in which all the concrete in a building is properly bonded together and acts as one.

Question 21

Mudsills

Answer 21

Planks on which formwork shores rest.

Question 22

Mushroom cap

Answer 22

Tapered extension at the tops of columns that assists in the transfer of loads from floor to column.

Question 23

One-way structural system

Answer 23

System that incorporates floors that have beams running in one direction only.

Question 24

Plain concrete

Answer 24

Concrete that has no reinforcement, except possibly light reinforcement to resist temperature changes.

Question 25

Precast concrete

Answer 25

Concrete that has been cast at a location other than the place where it is to remain.

Question 26

Prestressing

Answer 26

Engineered stresses placed in architectural and structural concrete to offset the stressors that occur in the concrete when it is placed under load.

Question 27

Pretensioning and post tensioning

Answer 27

Processes by which steel tendons or rods are placed under tension, drawing the anchors together. Tensioned steel places the concrete in compression.

Question 28

Reinforced concrete

Answer 28

In concrete masonry structure, steel reinforcement that is embedded in such a manner that the two materials actor together in resisting forces.

Question 29

Reinforcing bars or rods

Answer 29

Steel rods or bars used to reinforce concrete.

Question 30

Reshoring

Answer 30

Shores that are put back into concrete to help carry the load of the still curing concrete.

Question 31

Skewbacks

Answer 31

Tiles shaped to fit around steel.

Question 32

Slipforming

Answer 32

Technique by which forms are moved upward as the concrete is poured.

Question 33

Spalling

Answer 33

Loss of surface material when concrete is subjected to heat.

Question 34

Strands

Answer 34

Special high strength, cold-drawn steel cables. Also referred to as cables or tendons.

Question 35

Stressing the tendons

Answer 35

After concrete is poured and reaches its specified strength, steel tendons are stretched and anchored at the ends of the unit. Also referred to as “jacking the cables.”

Question 36

Temperature rods

Answer 36

Thin rods installed near the surface of concrete, usually at right angles to the main reinforcing rods, to help the concrete resist cracking due to temperature changes.

Question 37

Tendons

Answer 37

Special high strength, cold-drawn steel cables. Also referred to as strands or cables.

Question 38

Two-way structural system

Answer 38

System that incorporates floors that have beams running in two directions.

Question 39

Underwriters blocks

Answer 39

Concrete blocks poured per Underwriters Laboratories, Inc.’s classifications.

Question 40

Waffle concrete

Answer 40

Two way structural system with closely spaced beams set a tight angles to one another in which unnecessary concrete is formed out; lower side resembles a waffle.