Chapter 13 Specific Occupancy Related Construction Hazards Flashcards
Anchor stores
Large stores (often department stores) attached to the mall that have all of their required exits independent of the mall.
Atria
A large open space within a structure connecting two or more floors.
Brick nogging
Brick and mortar filling between studs utilized as a makeshift fire barrier.
Calcination
The deterioration of a product by heating to high temperatures.
Cold smoke
Smoke that falls downward.
Control area
A building or portion of a building within which hazardous materials are allowed to be stored, dispensed, used, or handled in quantities not exceeding the maximum allowable quantities.
Covered mall
A single building enclosing a number of tenants, including retail stores, drinking and dining establishments, entertainment facilities, offices, and other similar uses where the tenants have an opening on to one or more malls.
Early suppression/fast response (ESFR)
A type of fast response sprinkler capable of providing fire suppression of specific high challenge fire hazards.
Exit passageway
Hallways, corridors, passages, or tunnels used as exit components and separated from other parts of the building in accordance with NFPA 101: Life Safety Code.
Friable
Easily disintegrated.
Hazardous materials inventory statement (HMIS)
Required in most codes, this statement lists the materials, hazards, and quantities of hazardous material products within a building.
Hazardous materials management plan (HMMP)
Required in most codes, this plan explains how hazardous materials are to be stored and safely used within a building.
Idle pallet storage
Pallets without product.
In-rack sprinklers
Sprinklers that are placed within racks to control fires where overhead sprinklers are not adequate.
Inversion layer
A layer of air that is warmer than the air below.
Landing zone
In reference to an elevator, this zone is 18 inches above or below the landing floor.
Lapse
The condition in which the atmospheric temperature is constantly decreasing as height increases.
Non-ambulatory people
Individuals who are not capable of self preservation.
Occupancy
Used in building codes to refer to the intended use of a building.
Open office plan
A plan in which low-height partitions create cubicles for personal space; essentially one large open room.
Passive fire protection
A material that is applied to a substrate and is designed to protect it from thermal effects.
Pause
In reference to atmospheric conditions, the layer of air warmer than the air below it.
Platform
A raised area in a building for presentations, wrestling matches, and the like where there are no hanging curtains, drops, or scenery other than lighting and sound effects.
Projected beam detectors
Used in smoke control systems. These detectors can cover large areas with a single beam of light.
Proscenium arch and wall
Found on a stage, it is the large ornamental opening and wall that separates the audience from the stage.
Pyrophoric gas
Gas that ignites in air without the introduction of an ignition source.
RACE
An acronym: R - remove all people in immediate danger to safety; A - activate the manual pull station and have someone call 911; C - closed doors to confine the spread of smoke and fire; and E - extinguish the fire, if possible.
Racks
Any combination of vertical, horizontal, and diagonal members that supports stored materials.
Shelves
Storage on structures that are less than 2.5 feet deep, with shelves usually 2 to 3 feet apart vertically, and seldom exceeding 15 feet in total height.
Ship’s ladder
A completely vertical stair with a width that is not more than 24 inches wide.
Smoke barrier
A continuous membrane, either vertical or horizontal, such as a wall, floor, or ceiling assembly, that is designed and constructed to restrict the movement of smoke. A smoke barrier might or might not have a fire resistance rating. Such barriers might have protected openings.
Solid pile
Storage that is either box on box or pallet load on pallet load.
Stack effects
The vertical airflow within buildings caused by the temperature-created density differences between the building interior and exterior or between two interior spaces.
Stage
Performance area in a theater that has a proscenium arch and wall; hanging curtains, drops, and scenery; lighting; and support rooms (dressing room, etc.).
Tuned-mass dampers
Heavy weights installed high up in a building that are adjusted by computers to counter wind-induced oscillations.
