Chapter 13 Specific Occupancy Related Construction Hazards

Question 1

Anchor stores

Answer 1

Large stores (often department stores) attached to the mall that have all of their required exits independent of the mall.

Question 2

Atria

Answer 2

A large open space within a structure connecting two or more floors.

Question 3

Brick nogging

Answer 3

Brick and mortar filling between studs utilized as a makeshift fire barrier.

Question 4

Calcination

Answer 4

The deterioration of a product by heating to high temperatures.

Question 5

Cold smoke

Answer 5

Smoke that falls downward.

Question 6

Control area

Answer 6

A building or portion of a building within which hazardous materials are allowed to be stored, dispensed, used, or handled in quantities not exceeding the maximum allowable quantities.

Question 7

Covered mall

Answer 7

A single building enclosing a number of tenants, including retail stores, drinking and dining establishments, entertainment facilities, offices, and other similar uses where the tenants have an opening on to one or more malls.

Question 8

Early suppression/fast response (ESFR)

Answer 8

A type of fast response sprinkler capable of providing fire suppression of specific high challenge fire hazards.

Question 9

Exit passageway

Answer 9

Hallways, corridors, passages, or tunnels used as exit components and separated from other parts of the building in accordance with NFPA 101: Life Safety Code.

Question 10

Friable

Answer 10

Easily disintegrated.

Question 11

Hazardous materials inventory statement (HMIS)

Answer 11

Required in most codes, this statement lists the materials, hazards, and quantities of hazardous material products within a building.

Question 12

Hazardous materials management plan (HMMP)

Answer 12

Required in most codes, this plan explains how hazardous materials are to be stored and safely used within a building.

Question 13

Idle pallet storage

Answer 13

Pallets without product.

Question 14

In-rack sprinklers

Answer 14

Sprinklers that are placed within racks to control fires where overhead sprinklers are not adequate.

Question 15

Inversion layer

Answer 15

A layer of air that is warmer than the air below.

Question 16

Landing zone

Answer 16

In reference to an elevator, this zone is 18 inches above or below the landing floor.

Question 17

Lapse

Answer 17

The condition in which the atmospheric temperature is constantly decreasing as height increases.

Question 18

Non-ambulatory people

Answer 18

Individuals who are not capable of self preservation.

Question 19

Occupancy

Answer 19

Used in building codes to refer to the intended use of a building.

Question 20

Open office plan

Answer 20

A plan in which low-height partitions create cubicles for personal space; essentially one large open room.

Question 21

Passive fire protection

Answer 21

A material that is applied to a substrate and is designed to protect it from thermal effects.

Question 22

Pause

Answer 22

In reference to atmospheric conditions, the layer of air warmer than the air below it.

Question 23

Platform

Answer 23

A raised area in a building for presentations, wrestling matches, and the like where there are no hanging curtains, drops, or scenery other than lighting and sound effects.

Question 24

Projected beam detectors

Answer 24

Used in smoke control systems. These detectors can cover large areas with a single beam of light.

Question 25

Proscenium arch and wall

Answer 25

Found on a stage, it is the large ornamental opening and wall that separates the audience from the stage.

Question 26

Pyrophoric gas

Answer 26

Gas that ignites in air without the introduction of an ignition source.

Question 27

RACE

Answer 27

An acronym: R - remove all people in immediate danger to safety; A - activate the manual pull station and have someone call 911; C - closed doors to confine the spread of smoke and fire; and E - extinguish the fire, if possible.

Question 28

Racks

Answer 28

Any combination of vertical, horizontal, and diagonal members that supports stored materials.

Question 29

Shelves

Answer 29

Storage on structures that are less than 2.5 feet deep, with shelves usually 2 to 3 feet apart vertically, and seldom exceeding 15 feet in total height.

Question 30

Ship’s ladder

Answer 30

A completely vertical stair with a width that is not more than 24 inches wide.

Question 31

Smoke barrier

Answer 31

A continuous membrane, either vertical or horizontal, such as a wall, floor, or ceiling assembly, that is designed and constructed to restrict the movement of smoke. A smoke barrier might or might not have a fire resistance rating. Such barriers might have protected openings.

Question 32

Solid pile

Answer 32

Storage that is either box on box or pallet load on pallet load.

Question 33

Stack effects

Answer 33

The vertical airflow within buildings caused by the temperature-created density differences between the building interior and exterior or between two interior spaces.

Question 34

Stage

Answer 34

Performance area in a theater that has a proscenium arch and wall; hanging curtains, drops, and scenery; lighting; and support rooms (dressing room, etc.).

Question 35

Tuned-mass dampers

Answer 35

Heavy weights installed high up in a building that are adjusted by computers to counter wind-induced oscillations.