Chapter 2 Concepts Of Construction Flashcards
Arch
Combines the function of a beam and a column.
Attitude
Vertical or horizontal orientation.
Axial load
A load that passes through the centroid of a section under construction and is perpendicular to the plane of the section.
Bar joist
Lightweight steel truss joist.
Beam
A structural member that transmits forces perpendicular to such forces to the reaction points.
Bent
A line of columns in any direction.
Braced frame
A structural system that uses diagonal members to provide bracing against the lateral wind and earthquake loads.
Bracket
Diagonal member that supports what would otherwise be a cantilever.
Brick and block composite wall
Consist of an exterior wythe of brick directly mortared or parged to an inner wythe of concrete masonry unit (CMU).
BTU
British thermal unit; the quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 pound of water 1°F at the pressure of 1 atm and temperature of 60°F.
Built-up girder
Made of steel plates and angles riveted together, as distinguished from one rolled from one piece of steel.
Buttress
Mass of masonry built against a wall to strengthen it. Necessary when a vault or an arch places a heavy load or thrust on one part of a wall.
Caloric value
Measured in BTU; the amount of heat required to raise 1 pound of water 1°F.
Camber
Upward rise.
Cantilever beam
A beam supported at one end only, rigidly held in position at that end.
Cantilevered
Supported by cantilever.
Cavity or hollow wall
A wall built of two wythes (a single vertical thickness of masonry) separated by a space for rain drainage or insulation.
Centroid
The center point at which a body would be stable, or balanced, under the influence of gravity.
Chord
The outside members (top and bottom) of a truss, as opposed to the inner “webbed members.”
Column
A structural member that transmits a compressive force along a straight path in the direction of the member.
Composite
Built up of different parts, pieces, or materials.
Composite wall
A wall composed of two or more masonry materials that react together under load.
Compression
Direct pushing force, in line with the axis member; the opposite of tension.
Concentrated load
A load acting on a very small area of the structures’s surface; the exact opposite of a distributed load.