chapter 9 nervous system Flashcards

1
Q

The nervous system is divided into two principal divisions

A

central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS).

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2
Q

Central nervous system (CNS) include the

A

brain and spinal cord

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3
Q

peripheral nervous system (PNS) includes all

A

nerves

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4
Q

Autonomic nervous system (ANS)

A

consists of structures that regulate the body’s automatic or involuntary functions

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5
Q

Two major types of cells are found in nervous tissue:

A

neurons or nerve cells and glia, which are support cells. Neurons conduct impulses, whereas glia support neurons.

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6
Q

Dendrites:

A

Branching projections that conduct impulses to cell body of neuron

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7
Q

Axon:

A

Elongated projection that conducts impulses away from cell body of neuron.

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8
Q

Axon is surrounded by a segmented wrapping of a material called

A

myelin

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9
Q

Sensory (afferent) neurons:

A

carry impulses to the spinal cord and brain from all parts of the body. Sensory neurons are also called afferent neurons.

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10
Q

Motor (efferent) neurons:

A

Conduct impulses away from brain and spinal cord to muscles and glands. Motor neurons are also called efferent neurons.

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11
Q

interneurons:

A

Conduct impulses from sensory neurons to motor neurons or among a network of interneurons; also known as central or connecting neurons

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12
Q

Glia (neuroglia)

A

One function of glial cells is to hold the functioning neurons together and protect them.

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13
Q

Astrocytes:

A

Star-shaped cells that anchor small blood vessels to neurons

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14
Q

Microglia:

A

Small cells that move in inflamed brain tissue carrying on phagocytosis

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15
Q

Oligodendrocytes:

A

Form myelin sheaths on axons in the CNS

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16
Q

Bundles of axons in the CNS are called

17
Q

Endoneurium:

A

Surrounds individual fibers within a nerve

18
Q

Perineurium:

A

Surrounds a group (fascicle) of nerve fibers

19
Q

Epineurium:

A

Surrounds the entire nerve

20
Q

Definition of a nerve impulse

A

nerve impulse is a self-propagating wave of electrical disturbance that travels along the surface of a neuron’s plasma membrane.

21
Q

Nerve impulses are also called

A

action potentials

22
Q

The synapse:

A

a synapse is the place where impulsesare transmitted from one neuron, called the presynaptic neuron, to another neuron, called the postsynaptic neuron.

23
Q

Synapse is made up of three structures

A

Synaptic knob, Synaptic cleft, Plasma membrane

24
Q

Neurotransmitters

A

are chemicals by which neurons communicate.

25
The brain and the spinal cord are protected by three membranes called
meninges.
26
Consists of three parts of brain, named in ascending order
Medulla oblongata, Pons, Midbrain
27
Cerebellum
Second largest part of the human brain Helps control muscle contractions to produce coordinated movements for maintaining balance, moving smoothly, and sustaining normal postures
28
Thalamus
Dumbbell-shaped mass of gray matter extending toward each cerebral hemisphere
29
Pineal gland (pineal body)
Small body resembling a pine nut behind the thalamus
30
Cerebrum
Largest and uppermost part of the brain .