chapter 9 nervous system

Question 1

The nervous system is divided into two principal divisions

Answer 1

central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS).

Question 2

Central nervous system (CNS) include the

Answer 2

brain and spinal cord

Question 3

peripheral nervous system (PNS) includes all

Answer 3

nerves

Question 4

Autonomic nervous system (ANS)

Answer 4

consists of structures that regulate the body’s automatic or involuntary functions

Question 5

Two major types of cells are found in nervous tissue:

Answer 5

neurons or nerve cells and glia, which are support cells. Neurons conduct impulses, whereas glia support neurons.

Question 6

Dendrites:

Answer 6

Branching projections that conduct impulses to cell body of neuron

Question 7

Axon:

Answer 7

Elongated projection that conducts impulses away from cell body of neuron.

Question 8

Axon is surrounded by a segmented wrapping of a material called

Answer 8

myelin

Question 9

Sensory (afferent) neurons:

Answer 9

carry impulses to the spinal cord and brain from all parts of the body. Sensory neurons are also called afferent neurons.

Question 10

Motor (efferent) neurons:

Answer 10

Conduct impulses away from brain and spinal cord to muscles and glands. Motor neurons are also called efferent neurons.

Question 11

interneurons:

Answer 11

Conduct impulses from sensory neurons to motor neurons or among a network of interneurons; also known as central or connecting neurons

Question 12

Glia (neuroglia)

Answer 12

One function of glial cells is to hold the functioning neurons together and protect them.

Question 13

Astrocytes:

Answer 13

Star-shaped cells that anchor small blood vessels to neurons

Question 14

Microglia:

Answer 14

Small cells that move in inflamed brain tissue carrying on phagocytosis

Question 15

Oligodendrocytes:

Answer 15

Form myelin sheaths on axons in the CNS

Question 16

Bundles of axons in the CNS are called

Answer 16

tracts

Question 17

Endoneurium:

Answer 17

Surrounds individual fibers within a nerve

Question 18

Perineurium:

Answer 18

Surrounds a group (fascicle) of nerve fibers

Question 19

Epineurium:

Answer 19

Surrounds the entire nerve

Question 20

Definition of a nerve impulse

Answer 20

nerve impulse is a self-propagating wave of electrical disturbance that travels along the surface of a neuron’s plasma membrane.

Question 21

Nerve impulses are also called

Answer 21

action potentials

Question 22

The synapse:

Answer 22

a synapse is the place where impulsesare transmitted from one neuron, called the presynaptic neuron, to another neuron, called the postsynaptic neuron.

Question 23

Synapse is made up of three structures

Answer 23

Synaptic knob, Synaptic cleft, Plasma membrane

Question 24

Neurotransmitters

Answer 24

are chemicals by which neurons communicate.

Question 25

The brain and the spinal cord are protected by three membranes called

Answer 25

meninges.

Question 26

Consists of three parts of brain, named in ascending order

Answer 26

Medulla oblongata, Pons, Midbrain

Question 27

Cerebellum

Answer 27

Second largest part of the human brain
Helps control muscle contractions to produce coordinated movements for maintaining balance, moving smoothly, and sustaining normal postures

Question 28

Thalamus

Answer 28

Dumbbell-shaped mass of gray matter extending toward each cerebral hemisphere

Question 29

Pineal gland (pineal body)

Answer 29

Small body resembling a pine nut behind the thalamus

Question 30

Cerebrum

Answer 30

Largest and uppermost part of the brain .