chapter 3 cells

Question 1

Plasma membrane

Answer 1

Forms outer boundary of cell

Question 2

Cytoplasm

Answer 2

is all the living material inside the cell

Question 3

Cytoskeleton:

Answer 3

Internal framework of cell. Provides support and movement of cell and organelles

Question 4

Nucleus–

Answer 4

Central structure of the cell.

Question 5

As a group, the small structures that make up much of the cytoplasm are called

Answer 5

organelles.

Question 6

Ribosomes

Answer 6

are tiny particles found throughout the cell.

Question 7

Manufacture enzymes and other proteins; often called

Answer 7

protein factories

Question 8

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-

Answer 8

Network of connecting sacs and canalsCarries substances through cytoplasm

Question 9

Smooth ER synthesizes chemicals;

Answer 9

makes new membrane. Itis found in cells that manufacture fatty substances

Question 10

Golgi apparatus

Answer 10

Group of flattened sacs near nucleus.

Question 11

The Golgi apparatus is responsible for

Answer 11

transporting, modifying, and packaging proteins and lipids into vesicles for delivery to targeted destinations Called the chemical processing and packaging center

Question 12

Mitochondria

Answer 12

Composed of inner and outer membranous sacs. Often called power plants of the cell.

Question 13

Lysosomes

Answer 13

Membrane-enclosed packets containing digestive enzymes.

Question 14

lysosomes can help to protect

Answer 14

cells against destruction by microbes.

Question 15

Centrosome

Answer 15

s a cellular structure involved in the process of cell division.

Question 16

Centrioles

Answer 16

are cylindrical (tube-like) structures/organelles composed of microtubules.

Question 17

Cell extensions

Answer 17

Microvilli, Cilia-

Question 18

Microvilli

Answer 18

short extensions of the plasma membrane that increase surface area and produce slight movements that enhance absorption by the cell.

Question 19

Cilia

Answer 19

hair like extensions with inner microtubules found on free or exposed surfaces of all cells.

Question 20

Flagella

Answer 20

single projections (much longer than cilia) that act as “tails” of sperm cells

Question 21

Types of transport

Answer 21

Passive transport — Active transport

Question 22

passive transport

Answer 22

do not require the cell to expend energy

Question 23

Active transport

Answer 23

require the cell to expend energy (from ATP)

Question 24

Diffusion

Answer 24

Substances scatter evenly throughout an available space, the particles moving from high to low concentration.

Question 25

Osmosis

Answer 25

Passive movement of water molecules when some solutes cannot cross the membrane.

Question 26

Dialysis

Answer 26

some solutes move across a selectively permeable membrane by diffusion and other solutes do n

Question 27

Filtration

Answer 27

Movement of water and small solute particles,

Question 28

Ion pump

Answer 28

is a trans membrane protein that moves ions across a biological membrane against their concentration gradient through active transport

Question 29

Phagocytosis

Answer 29

This term means “cell eating”Engulfs large particles in a vesicle as a protective mechanism

Question 30

Pinocytosis

Answer 30

This term means “cell drinking”Engulfs fluids or dissolved substances into cells

Question 31

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) structure

Answer 31

Make up 46 chromosomes contained in cell nucleus

Question 32

Protein synthesis

Answer 32

Occurs in cytoplasm, thus genetic information must pass from the nucleus to the cytoplasm

Question 33

Translation

Answer 33

Involves synthesis of proteins in cytoplasm by ribosomes

Question 34

Interphase:

Answer 34

Period when cell is not actively dividing.

Question 35

Prophase:

Answer 35

First stage

Question 36

Metaphase:

Answer 36

Second stage

Question 37

Anaphase:

Answer 37

Third stage

Question 38

Telophase:

Answer 38

Fourth stage

Question 39

Differentiation:

Answer 39

Process by which daughter cells can specialize and form different kinds of tissue