chapter 11 endocrine system

Question 1

Exocrine glands

Answer 1

exocrine glands secrete their products into ducts that empty onto a surface or into a cavity.

Question 2

Endocrine glands

Answer 2

are ductless glands

Question 3

Hormones perform general functions of

Answer 3

communication and control but a slower, longer-lasting type of control than that provided by nerve impulses

Question 4

hypersecretion

Answer 4

Production of too much hormone by a gland

Question 5

hyposecretion

Answer 5

too little hormone is produced

Question 6

Two major classes of hormones

Answer 6

Nonsteroid ,Steroid

Question 7

Nonsteroid hormones (first messengers)

Answer 7

are made of amino acids. They are not fat soluble, so they can not diffuse across the plasma membrane of the target cells.

Question 8

non steroidal hormone

Answer 8

binds with a receptor on the plasma membrane of a target cell.

Question 9

Steroid hormones

Answer 9

enter the target cells, as they can easily dissolve through the cell membrane.

Question 10

Prostaglandins

Answer 10

are powerful substances found in a wide variety of body tissues

Question 11

Prostaglandins are also known as and sometimes called

Answer 11

tissue hormones, paracrine agents.

Question 12

Adenohypophysis:

Answer 12

Anterior pituitary gland

Question 13

Neurohypophysis:

Answer 13

Posterior pituitary gland

Question 14

Names of major hormones released from Anterior pituitary gland

Answer 14

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), Luteinizing hormone (LH), Growth hormone (GH), Prolactin (PRL), lactogenic hormone

Question 15

rupture follicle after the release of egg is called

Answer 15

corpus luteum,

Question 16

note to remember:

Answer 16

increase levels of luteinizing hormone from anterior pituitary gland causes the production of progesterone from corpus luteum.

Question 17

which gland is considered as the master gland

Answer 17

anterior pituitary gland

Question 18

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

Answer 18

Stimulates growth of the thyroid gland; also stimulates it to secrete thyroid hormone

Question 19

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Answer 19

Stimulates growth of the adrenal cortex and stimulates it to secrete glucocorticoids (mainly cortisol)

Question 20

follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH),

Answer 20

Stimulates estrogen secretion by developing follicles•Stimulates sperm production in the male

Question 21

which structure releases estrogen

Answer 21

follicles

Question 22

luteiniing hormone

Answer 22

Acts with FSH to stimulate estrogen secretion and follicle growth to maturity

Question 23

luteiniing hormone can also be called

Answer 23

the ovulating hormone.

Question 24

growth hormone

Answer 24

Stimulates growth by accelerating protein anabolism

Question 25

Prolactin (PRL),

Answer 25

Stimulates breast development during pregnancy and secretion of milk after the delivery of the baby.

can also be called lactogenic hormone.

Question 26

Posterior pituitary gland hormones

Answer 26

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH), Oxytocin (OT)

Question 27

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Answer 27

Accelerates water reabsorption from urine in the kidney tubules into the blood, thereby decreasing urine secretion

Question 28

Oxytocin (OT)

Answer 28

Stimulates the pregnant uterus to contract

Question 29

Actual production of ADH and oxytocin occurs in the

Answer 29

hypothalamus

Question 30

The thyroid gland lies in the

Answer 30

neck just below the larynx.

Question 31

Thyroid tissue is organized into many chambers called

Answer 31

thyroid follicles.

Question 32

3 tyes of Thyroid hormones?

Answer 32

Thyroxine (T4), Triiodothyronine (T3), Calcitonin (CT)

Question 33

Calcitonin (CT)

Answer 33

Decreases the blood calcium concentration by inhibiting breakdown of bone,

Question 34

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Answer 34

Increases blood calcium concentration by increasing the breakdown of bone with the release of calcium into the blood.

Question 35

There are usually four parathyroid glands, and they are found on the

Answer 35

posterior surfaces of the thyroid gland.

Question 36

An adrenal gland is actually two separate endocrine glands:

Answer 36

the adrenal cortex and the adrenal medulla.