chapter 11 endocrine system Flashcards
Exocrine glands
exocrine glands secrete their products into ducts that empty onto a surface or into a cavity.
Endocrine glands
are ductless glands
Hormones perform general functions of
communication and control but a slower, longer-lasting type of control than that provided by nerve impulses
hypersecretion
Production of too much hormone by a gland
hyposecretion
too little hormone is produced
Two major classes of hormones
Nonsteroid ,Steroid
Nonsteroid hormones (first messengers)
are made of amino acids. They are not fat soluble, so they can not diffuse across the plasma membrane of the target cells.
non steroidal hormone
binds with a receptor on the plasma membrane of a target cell.
Steroid hormones
enter the target cells, as they can easily dissolve through the cell membrane.
Prostaglandins
are powerful substances found in a wide variety of body tissues
Prostaglandins are also known as and sometimes called
tissue hormones, paracrine agents.
Adenohypophysis:
Anterior pituitary gland
Neurohypophysis:
Posterior pituitary gland
Names of major hormones released from Anterior pituitary gland
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), Luteinizing hormone (LH), Growth hormone (GH), Prolactin (PRL), lactogenic hormone
rupture follicle after the release of egg is called
corpus luteum,
note to remember:
increase levels of luteinizing hormone from anterior pituitary gland causes the production of progesterone from corpus luteum.
which gland is considered as the master gland
anterior pituitary gland
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
Stimulates growth of the thyroid gland; also stimulates it to secrete thyroid hormone
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Stimulates growth of the adrenal cortex and stimulates it to secrete glucocorticoids (mainly cortisol)
follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH),
Stimulates estrogen secretion by developing follicles•Stimulates sperm production in the male
which structure releases estrogen
follicles
luteiniing hormone
Acts with FSH to stimulate estrogen secretion and follicle growth to maturity
luteiniing hormone can also be called
the ovulating hormone.
growth hormone
Stimulates growth by accelerating protein anabolism
Prolactin (PRL),
Stimulates breast development during pregnancy and secretion of milk after the delivery of the baby.
can also be called lactogenic hormone.
Posterior pituitary gland hormones
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH), Oxytocin (OT)
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Accelerates water reabsorption from urine in the kidney tubules into the blood, thereby decreasing urine secretion
Oxytocin (OT)
Stimulates the pregnant uterus to contract
Actual production of ADH and oxytocin occurs in the
hypothalamus
The thyroid gland lies in the
neck just below the larynx.
Thyroid tissue is organized into many chambers called
thyroid follicles.
3 tyes of Thyroid hormones?
Thyroxine (T4), Triiodothyronine (T3), Calcitonin (CT)
Calcitonin (CT)
Decreases the blood calcium concentration by inhibiting breakdown of bone,
Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
Increases blood calcium concentration by increasing the breakdown of bone with the release of calcium into the blood.
There are usually four parathyroid glands, and they are found on the
posterior surfaces of the thyroid gland.
An adrenal gland is actually two separate endocrine glands:
the adrenal cortex and the adrenal medulla.
