Chapter 1 Introduction Flashcards
Anatomy
Study of structure of an organism and relationship to its parts.
Physiology
Study of the functions of living organisms and their parts.
Cells
Organizations of various chemicals
Tissues
Organizations of similar cells
Organs
Organizations of different kinds of tissues
Systems
Organizations of many different kinds of organs
Anatomical
Standing with arms at the sides and plans turned forward
Supine
Lying face upward
Prone
Person lies flat with the chest down on back up
Superior
Towards the head, upper
Inferior
Toward the feet, lower
Anterior
Front
Posterior
Back
Medial
Midline of the body
Lateral
Side of the body or away from the midline
Proximal
Toward or nearest the trunk or nearest the point of origin
Distal
Away from or farthest from the trunk or farthest from a structures point of origin
Superficial
Nearer the body surface
Deep
Farther away from the body surface
Sagittarius plane
Lengthwise plane that divides the body into right and left sections
Midsagittal
Sagittal plane that divides the body into two equals halves
Frontal(coronal) plane
Lengthwise plane plane that divides a structure into anterior and posterior portions
Transverse plane
Horizontal plane that divides a structure into upper and lower parts
Ventral
Towards the front of the belly
Dorsal
Towards the back
Abdominoplevic cavity
Divided into two parts
Abdominal cavity
Contains the liver, stomach, kidneys, and other organs.
Pelvic cavity
Contains the bladder, some reproductive organs, and rectum
The dorsal cavity
Is on the posterior(back side) of the body and contains the cranial cavity and spinal cavity
What are the two dorsal cavities?
Cranial and Spinal cavity
Cranial cavity
Space inside the skull that contains the brain
Spinal cavity
The space inside the spinal column
What are the two ventral cavities
Thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities
Upper thoracic cavity
Includes mediastinum and pleural cavities
Lower thoracic cavity
Includes the abdominal cavity and the pelvic cavity both form the abdominopelvic cavity
Abdominal quadrants
Divides the abdomen into four quadrants
Abdominopelvic regions
Upper, middle, lower regions
Upper abdominopelvic region includes
Right and left hypochondriac regions and the epigastric region
Middle abdominopelvic region includes
Right and left lumbar regions and the umbilical region
Lower abdominopelvic region includes
Right and left iliac region and the hypogastric region
What are the two body regions
Axial and appendicular regions
Axial region
Head, neck, and torso or trunk
Appendicular region
Upper and lower extremities
Axial skeleton
Makes up our central axis and consist of the following bones: skill, vertebrae, ribs and sternum
Appendicular skeleton
consists of the limbs and girdles(shoulder and pelvic)
Body mechanisms
Act as heaters, air pumps and the like, to maintain the relatively stable conditions
Homeostasis
Is the maintenance of the body’s internal environment
Chemical level
The smallest level of organization
Cellular level
Molecules combine to form cellular structures
Tissue level
Two or more cells working to carry out a specific function
Organ level
Two or more tissue types combine form a specific structure called organ
Organ system level
An organ system is composed of two or more organs working together to carry out a broad function
Organism level
Organ system function together to make up the human body
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
This fluid keeps the brain and the spinal cord floatable
Diaphragm
Is a muscle in the body that functions in respiration
What are the two subdivision of the ventral body cavity
Thoracic and abdominopelvic cavity
Three smaller cavity within the thoracic cavity
Pleural, mediastinum, and pericardial cavity
Pleural cavity
Left and right pleural cavity, each surround a lung and is located within serous membranes
Mediastinum
Located between the left and right pleural cavities
Pericardial cavity
Located within the mediastinum cavity, surrounds or around the heart
Serous membranes
Are thin continuous layers of tissue
