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Medical Terminology > Chapter 9 - Nervous System > Flashcards

Chapter 9 - Nervous System Flashcards

sections 9.4 & 9.5

1
Q

demyelination

A

process of losing the myelin sheath of a nerve fiber

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2
Q

encephalitis

A

inflammation of brain cells and tissues

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3
Q

encephalomyelitis

A

inflammation of the brain and spinal cord

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4
Q

exacerbation

A

period when there is an increase in the severity of a disease

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5
Q

Guillain-Barré syndrome

A

disorder in which the body makes antibodies against myelin, disrupting nerve conduction

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6
Q

intermittent

A

alternately ceasing and beginning again

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7
Q

paresthesia, paresthesias (pl.)

A

abnormal sensation; e.g., tingling, burning, prickling

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8
Q

remission

A

period when there is a lessening or absence of the symptoms of a disease

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9
Q

Tay-Sachs disease

A

disease in which fat buildup in neurons of the brain and spinal cord causing their destruction

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10
Q

acute

A

having a rapid onset and duration

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11
Q

amyotrophic

A

pertaining to muscular atrophy

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12
Q

atrophy

A

a squeezing together so as to increase density and/or decrease a dimension of a structure

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13
Q

hernia (noun)

A

protrusion of a structure through the tissue that normally contains it

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14
Q

herniation

A

protrusion of an anatomical structure from its normal location

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15
Q

herniate (verb)

A

to protrude

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16
Q

Lyme disease

A

disease transmitted by the bite of an infected deer tick

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17
Q

myelitis

A

inflammation of the spinal cord

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18
Q

paralyze (verb)

A

to make incapable of movement

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19
Q

paralysis (noun)

A

loss of voluntary movement

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20
Q

paralytic (adj)

A

pertaining to or suffering from paralysis

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21
Q

poliomyelitis (aka polio)

A

inflammation of the gray matter of the spinal cord, leading to paralysis of the limbs and muscles of respiration

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22
Q

postpolio syndrome

A

progressive muscle weakness in a person previously affected by polio

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23
Q

spondylosis

A

degenerative osteoarthritis of the spine

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24
Q

subacute

A

less than rapid onset and duration of a condition, but not a long term disease

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25
Q

syringomyelia

A

abnormal longitudinal cavities in the spinal cord that cause paresthesias and muscle weakness

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26
Q

botulism

A

caused by the neurotoxin produced by Clostridium botulinum

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27
Q

carpal

A

pertaining to the wrist

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28
Q

carpal tunnel syndrome

A

compression of the median nerve in the wrist causing numbness, pain and tingling in the fingers and thumb

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29
Q

Charcot joint

A

bone and joint destruction secondary to a neuropathy and loss of sensation

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30
Q

varicella (aka chickenpox)

A

acute, contagious, viral disease

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31
Q

Clostridium botulinum

A

bacterium that causes botulism

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32
Q

shingles (aka herpes zoster)

A

painful eruption of vesicles that follows a dermatome or nerve root on one side of the body

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33
Q

myasthenia gravis

A

disorder of fluctuating muscle weakness

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34
Q

neuralgia

A

pain in the distribution of a nerve

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35
Q

neuromuscular

A

pertaining to both the nerves and muscles

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36
Q

neuropathy

A

any disease of the nervous system

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37
Q

neuropathic (adj)

A

pertaining to a disease of the nervous system

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38
Q

mononeuropathy

A

disorder affecting a single nerve

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39
Q

polyneuropathy

A

disorder affecting many nerves

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40
Q

neurotoxin

A

agent that poisons the nervous system

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41
Q

peroneal

A

pertaining to the lateral part (fibula) of the lower leg, or the nerve named after it

42
Q

postherpetic

A

pertaining to after herpes infection

43
Q

sciatica

A

pain from compression of the L5 or S1 nerve roots

44
Q

sciatic (adj)

A

pertaining to the sciatic nerve or sciatica

45
Q

ulnar

A

pertaining to the ulna or any of the structures (artery, vein, nerve) named after it

46
Q

varicella

A

an acute infectious disease caused by the varicella-zoster virus

47
Q

anencephaly

A

born without cerebral hemispheres

48
Q

anomaly

A

a structural abnormality

49
Q

hydrocephalus

A

enlarged head due to excess CSF in the cerebral ventricles

50
Q

meningocele

A

protrusion of the meninges from the spinal cord or brain through a defect in the vertebral column or cranium

51
Q

meningomyelocele (also referred to as myelomeningocele)

A

protrusion of the spinal cord and meninges through a defect in the vertebral arch of one or more vertebrae

52
Q

microcephaly

A

an abnormally small head

53
Q

spina bifida

A

failure of one or more vertebral arches to close during fetal development

54
Q

spina bifida cystica

A

meninges and spinal cord protrude through the absent vertebral arch and have the appearance of a cyst

55
Q

spina bifida occulta

A

the deformity of the vertebral arch is not apparent from the skin surface

56
Q

teratogen

A

agent that produces fetal deformities

57
Q

teratogenic (adj)

A

capable of producing fetal deformities

58
Q

angiography

A

process of recording the image of blood vessels after injection of contrast material

59
Q

arteriography

A

x-ray visualization of an artery after injection of contrast material

60
Q

doppler

A

diagnostic instrument that sends an ultrasonic beam into the body

61
Q

doppler ultrasonography

A

imaging that detects direction, velocity, and turbulence of blood flow; used in workup of stroke patients

62
Q

color Doppler ultrasonography

A

computer-generated colour image to show directions of blood flow

63
Q

echoencephalography

A

use of ultrasound in the diagnosis of intracranial lesions

64
Q

electroencephalogram (EEG)

A

record of the electrical activity of the brain

65
Q

electroencephalograph

A

device used to record the electrical activity of the brain

66
Q

electroencephalography

A

the process of recording the electrical activity of the brain

67
Q

electromyography

A

recording of electrical activity in muscle

68
Q

myelography

A

radiography of the spinal cord and nerve roots after injection of contrast medium into the subarachnoid space.

69
Q

nerve conduction study

A

procedure to measure the speed at which an electrical impulse travels along a nerve

70
Q

botox

A

neurotoxin injected into muscles to prevent the muscles from contracting

71
Q

brachytherapy

A

radiation therapy in which the source of irradiation is implanted in the tissue to be treated

72
Q

cranium

A

the bony container of the brain, excluding the face

73
Q

cranioplasty

A

repair of a bone defect in the skull

74
Q

craniotomy

A

surgical removal of part of a skull bone to expose the brain for surgery

75
Q

endovascular

A

relating to the inside of a blood vessel

76
Q

shunt

A

a bypass or diversion of fluid

77
Q

addiction

A

habitual psychologic and physiologic dependence on a substance or practice

78
Q

addictive

A

pertaining to or causing addiction

79
Q

antagonism

A

situation of opposing

80
Q

antagonist

A

an opposing structure, agent, disease, or process

81
Q

antiepileptic

A

a pharmacologic agent capable of preventing or arresting epilepsy

82
Q

psychedelic

A

agent that intensifies sensory perception

83
Q

psychoactive

A

able to alter mood, behaviour, and/or cognition

84
Q

sedative

A

agent that calms nervous excitement

85
Q

sedation

A

state of being calmed

86
Q

stimulant

A

agent that excited or strengthens functional activity

87
Q

stimulation

A

arousal to increased functional activity

88
Q

tolerance

A

the capacity to become accustomed to a stimulus or drug

89
Q

tranquilizer

A

agent that calms without sedating or depressing

90
Q

ablation

A

removal of tissue to destroy its function

91
Q

analgesia

A

state in which pain is reduced

92
Q

analgesic

A

substance that produces analgesia

93
Q

anesthesia

A

complete loss of sensation

94
Q

anesthesiologist

A

medical specialist in anesthesia

95
Q

anesthesiology

A

medical specialty of anesthesia

96
Q

anesthetic

A

an agent that causes absence of feeling or sensation

97
Q

facet

A

small area, in this case around a pain-generating nerve

98
Q

intrathecal

A

within the subarachnoid or subdural space

99
Q

morphine

A

derivative of opium used as an analgesic or sedative

100
Q

opiate

A

a drug derived from opium

Medical Terminology (5 decks)

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